Write 2 page essay Bring Your Own Technology(BYOT) Educational

Write 2 page Bring Your Own Technology(BYOT) Educational Technology - Essay Example Thus personalized learning tools, empower students and teachers for better learning environment and better understanding. At one hand the technology displays positive aspects encompassing- better indulgence of 21st Century learning skills, fostering a greater commitment with learning as it seems to be more environment friendly and tasks could be accomplished at faster pace. Educationalists believe that augmentation in education technology should empower students to make use of high tech gazettes and therefore they advocate for the implementation â€Å"Bring Your Own Technology† or â€Å"Device† initiatives (popularly known as BYOT, or BYOD). Under this program students are encouraged to fetch their own portable gadgets, tablets, and laptops to make their use in the classroom. Students should be accustomed to use the technology to successfully accomplish the targets and for better understanding. The technology displays disparity as there is a difference in equity and status, for some students it is not possible to afford personal devices for learning. Uniformity of devices- All the students as well as teachers must possess similar kind of equipments- Smart Phones, Pads, Tablets, Laptops, or Nintendo DS. Moreover infrastructure of the school must also support the devices. In some schools, mobile devices are banned as they intensify behaviour issues, distraction from studies and it becomes troublesome for the teachers also to design the lessons appropriately to teach through the portable devices. Students on the other hand must be sincere and dedicated to use portable devices for studies only in school and not for amusement or entertainment. Security reasons also a point of concern what sites students are accessing, is it permissible to their age or not? Thus the goals and motives of the BYOT technology should have a vision and outlook to cover-up

The Reason for Choosing Pharmacy as a Profession Essay Example for Free

The Reason for Choosing Pharmacy as a Profession Essay I belong to a family of traditional physicians in Hong Kong. As the eldest son in my family, it is certain that I will inherit this traditional medical practice. Our neighborhood has very few medical facilities available and consequently, there has always been a steady stream of ailing persons, visiting our clinic. Right from a very early age, I have been actively involved with this process and in this manner I developed not only interest in treating patients, but I also acquired quite a bit of knowledge regarding the traditional medicines used to cure the various ailments that people undergo. In addition, I developed a great deal of interest in lending a patient and sympathetic ear to patients. In school, I developed tremendous interest in science and discovered my innate scientific bent of mind. Gradually, I developed proficiency in the basics of pharmacology and with this expertise, realization dawned on me that I could achieve much more than merely continuing in the footsteps of my father. My surmise was that a more detailed and in depth study, into this fascinating subject would help me to isolate the specific ingredients in the herbs, used in traditional medicine, which were instrumental in effecting the cure. Such identification of the critical components in traditional medicines would enable me to enhance the healing capacity of these medicines.   Ã‚  In order to increase my knowledge, in this context, I became a member of the Medical Student Science Association of Hong Kong. I was in the habit of experimenting with the extraction and identification of the different compounds present in drugs, which had curative properties. In one such experiment, I was successful in isolating eucalyptol, which is chiefly employed as an expectorant in medicine, from the eucalyptus tree. Since my twin objectives are to develop medicines and to help people who are suffering from various diseases, pharmacy is the suitable field of study to embark upon. This burning desire to become a pharmacist was further fuelled by my experiences in the US. In that country, I had the good fortune to closely observe pharmacists at work, while working with them. They are very patient and competent, while listening to the problems of patients and replying them. Their enthusiasm and professionalism are legendary and this served to motivate me to follow in their footsteps. I have been very active in the Texas Southern Universitys Pre-health Professionals Club. In this highly inspiring place, I understood the value and effect of empathizing with the difficulties being faced by patients. Moreover, I realized the value of professionalism. The College of Pharmacy and Health Science of the Texas Southern University is veritably one of its kind in the US. Its primary objective is to provide excellent skills and competence, in the process of creating some of the best health care professionals in the nation. There is great emphasis on conducting research into new drugs and procedures. It would indeed be a great honor to complete the graduate program in pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmacy Health Sciences, 2006). The combination of my passionate love for pharmacy and the outstanding teaching of the College of Pharmacy and Health Science of the Texas Southern University would help me to provide much better help to patients. References Pharmacy Health Sciences. (2006, August 9). Retrieved January 20, 2008, from Texas Southern University: http://www.tsu.edu/academics/pharmacy/index.asp

Spirituality and The Second Coming Essay -- Second

Spirituality and The Second Coming      Ã‚  Ã‚   In his eloquent poem "The Second Coming" William Butler Yeats uses word choice and phrase combinations to convey to the reader an understanding of his sentiment of impossibility concerning the fate of spirituality for the human race. His inner conscious is spread out in the poem for the reader to either accompany him in his darkness or to turn their back and continue to believe in their own form of hopefulness in spirituality.    Yeats cleverly hints to the reader his despair in the phrase, "Turning and turning in the widening gyre" (Yeats, Longman p. 2329: 1.). The reader can hear the voice of the poet describing his journey farther and farther from his once cherished center based on religion. His beliefs have been shattered over time. According to the introduction in The Longman Anthology British Literature, "The 1890's in London were heady times for a young poet. Yeats became even more active in his studies of the occult" which was years before he wrote The Second Coming. This interest may have led the poet away from his former religious values. It is possible that because of this turn away from religion the author's basic value system may have been in turmoil at the time of writing The Second Coming.    Yeats drifting away from his religious beliefs may be evidenced in the phrase, "The falcon cannot hear the falconer" which could be interpreted as he can no longer hear the voice of his former God (Yeats, 2). The falcon in this sentence may refer to Yeats himself and the falconer may symbolize his former God. When the author writes, "the center cannot hold" he may be referring to his idea that organized religion can no longer give credence or explanation to his wor... ...s of the words written by Yeats and their possible meanings, the poetry written can surely be considered worthy of placement in the literary cannon not only for the beauty of the work then for the author's ability to raise questions for generations to come.    Works Cited Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism. New Jersey. Prentice Hall, 1999. Conrad, Joseph. "Heart of Darkness" The Longman Anthology British Literature. Ed. David Damrosch. Longman. New York. 2000. 2190-2246. Damrosch, David, et al., ed.   The Longman Anthology of British Literature: Vol. B.   Compact ed.   New York: Longman - Addison Wesley Longman, 2000. Scott, Paul. The Jewel in the Crown. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. 1976. Yeats, William, Butler. "The Second Coming." The Longman Anthology British Literature. Ed. David Damrosch. Longman. New York. 2000. 2329.

ACC cements Company Essay

ACC was among the first Indian companies to adopt automation of information technology. We started computerizing our systems as early as 1968 – a commitment to progress through the harnessing of relevant available technologies, a practice that continues even today. We have traveled a long way from our early days when we were using simple keypunching machines. Significant improvements have been made in application systems and infrastructure since then – from Batch processing to on-line systems, from IBM 1401 and Data General system to the latest Linux/UNIX and Windows 2003 based machines. We have made timely transitions determined by available technologies and business requirements. In February 2007 the company made a quantum jump from in-house developed systems using Oracle 9i and Developer 6i to an ERP (SAP) based solution. This decision was based solely on our strategic objectives and the business benefits that we expect to derive from implementing such a solution. With this move we also aligned people, business processes and technologies across the country. The Company has an Intranet Portal called ‘Accelerate’ which is dedicated to employees. The portal’s content is based on Personal information relating to Human Resource matters, Performance Management, as well as other information of use to employees such as the latest news on company affairs, developments on sustainable development, house magazines and newsletters. Being a large organization with a countrywide network of manufacturing, marketing and R&D centers, we have invested in the creation of a comprehensive infrastructure that allows free flow of information across the organization. This enables almost instant communication between all levels in the organization. A hybrid WAN network connects each of our 275 plus locations. A judicious mix of VSAT and VPN links ensure adequate connectivity between these locations. Each manufacturing location has a well designed LAN to meet its needs. IT in ACC is well placed to master future expansions of our core businesses. DID YOU KNOW ? _Patni Computer Systems installed India’s first Data General computer in ACC in 1978 and deployed a team of their best employees to manage it. The team comprised the legendary Narayanamurthy, then among the earliest employees of PCS. They were given an office in Cement House. Later when he and others from PCS established Infosys Technologies in Bangalore 1981, ACC was among their first customers._ Cement major ACC’s Tikaria plant in Sultanpur has become the first unit of the company to implement an innovative logistics management program called â€Å"Speed† which is aimed at enhancing productivity, increasing efficiencies and save time, fuel costs as well as enviornment. The success of the program at the 2.6 million tonne Tikaria plant has led to the company adopting the programe at its two more cement units in West Bengal and Karnataka and hopes to bring all 16 plants ofACC under the ‘Speed’ fold in about two years time. Speed is essentially a logistics and supply chain management project which is a major part of any cement plant with hundreds of heavy duty trucks bringing in raw material and picking up cement for further distribution in the market. Director, Logistics-North, ACC Ltd, Deepak Gulati, said â€Å"at any given point of time our Tikaria plant had atleast 500-600 trucks lined up for uploading cement. The efficient management of this huge fleet on a daily basis was a major concern. After studying various logistics projects abroad we evolved our very own program called ‘Speed’ and now besides saving costs which results in cheaper product to customers, we have better functioning among drivers, truck owners, customers and ACC employees. Delivery timelines are also efficiently adhered to with this project†. He said that while earlier 500 odd trucks used to be parked outside the plant gates waiting for their turn almost 110 trucks were lined up inside the  plant for uploading cement, which became a big task to handle. But now due to effective adoption of Speed there are only 27 trucks inside the plant at any point of time and only 200 trucks outside. ACC’s Tikaria plant engages nearly 4,000 trucks for this exercise. Due to the speed initiative the tonnage per truck has increased increasing productivity and is time saving thus allowing trucks to make more trips to the plant in the same given time. ACC has also deployed Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) and Global Positioning System (GPS) in all vehicles for effective tracking of vehicles and keeping in constant contact with drivers. â€Å"Inward and outward transportation forms a significant share of ACC’s overall costs and the Speed initiative has allowed about 5% saving in costs. With 30 million tonnes cement moved across the country by various ACC plants which engage about 12,000 heavy duty vehicles the savings from this initiative can be huge when adopted across all plants† said Director ACC Tikaria Plant, N Keshav. Tikaria was the first cement plant in the country to adopt such a logistics project and would soon take it to all 16 plants of the country said, Director-Logistics, Tushar Dave. He said that the program has also led to manpower efficiency and drivers find it more convenient and comfortable to do their duty. Acc to hindu ACC Ltd. has embarked on an initiative to improve the efficiency of its supply chain, which include 10,000 trucks that carry cement from its plants to sales outlets across the country. Transportation costs account for 35 per cent of the total sale price of cement and ACC, the subsidiary of Swiss cement major Holcim, hopes to bring down this cost by 4 to 6 per cent. ACC has deployed radio-frequency  identification (RFID) and global positioning system (GPS) technologies to radically change the way cement is supplied to the market. RFID has been deployed at its cement plants in Tikaria (Uttar Pradesh), Damodhar (West Bengal) and Thondebhavi (Karnataka). Over 400 trucks have been GPS-enabled so far. Within two years, 10,000 trucks and all plants would have GPS and RFID. This project, which is in its pilot stage, has yielded satisfactory results, and a veteran logistics professional has been hired to spearhead the initiative. â€Å"Considering the huge costs involved in road transport, as well as to address the issue of time and asset efficiency, we embarked on a new journey 12 months back. Through automated and technology-enabled process we have improved the asset utilization in road logistics,† said Tushar Rameshchandra Dave, Vice-President, Central Logistics, ACC. He said RFID and GPS would together increase the utilization of assets (trucks) which, in turn, would lead to freight savings and optimization of resources. â€Å"Fixed costs of trucks will go down as the same number of trucks can now ship more cement in lesser time. A truck that was doing up to 4000 kms a month can now do 6000 kms. Apart from financial benefits, it will help in curbing pollution,† Mr Dave said. â€Å"There is an increase in evacuation of 15-20 per cent and betterment of service levels up to 40-50 per cent,† he added. With RFID, a truck that was taking 220 minutes to drive from the entrance to the exit gate of a plant, is now doing it in 75 minutes. RFID tracks the historical data of a truck and the time taken to go from the entrance to the exit gate of the plant. It is also helps in tracking the non-value added time. GPS, however, tracks the movement of a truck once it is outside the plant. â€Å"RFID and GPS together are ensuring better visibility of trucks and helping in complete transparency of operations,† Mr Dave said.

Future Policing Essay

The field of police work is constantly being forced to develop and improve its protocols, procedures, and practices in an effort to keep pace with the ever-changing society in which it operates and criminal behavior it seeks to eradicate. While the history of policing has been marked by substantial changes throughout time, the work of modern-day police officers and officials demonstrate some of the most substantial adaptations to its surrounding environment that the field has ever seen. In order to understand where the future of policing is heading, it is important to first understand these current trends that are affecting the current landscape of the profession. By doing so, some foreseeable critical issues that may affect policing in the future can be identified, and potential changes can then be proposed and implemented to effectively address these critical issues. Perhaps the most important current trends in policing are those that affect the operational aspects of its crime fighting function. The first and foremost trend amongst this group has been the development of intelligence-led policing, which at its most basic, deals with the â€Å"identification of specific criminal activities or specific criminal populations and targeted enforcement against the highest-risk crimes or criminals to achieve overall reduction in the impact of crime in a community† (Wallentine, 2009, para. ). Within this broadly encompassing trend have come a few important changes affecting police departments across the nation. One is that many police agencies have begun to incorporate professional intelligence analysts into their ranks, a brand new position for most departments and one whose importance will likely continue to grow in the years to come (Wallentine, 2009). Another is that police leadership and command staff has had to incorporate and learn new technologies, and djust to new methods of collecting and sharing information between one another and with the general public (Wallentine, 2009). The overall result of these efforts, particularly in big cities, is a trend away from forceful policing and towards enlightened policing (Herbert, 2007). With that being said, there has also been a trend of increased rates in the commission of violent crimes that has certainly affected policing regardless of what tactics are implored. This includes upticks in international terrorism-based crimes, as well as traditional domestic criminal behavior (Cetron & Davies, 2008). Yet perhaps an even more troublesome aspect of this trend, especially when it comes to homicides, is that these increases have not been spread across the country through moderate rises in all cities, but rather through dramatic rises in homicides in some cities that simply outpace the substantial decreases other cities have experienced (Herbert, 2007). Most of the explanations offered for this imbalanced trend deal with financial cutbacks that have been made to federal crime fighting programs and others that have left many police departments shorthanded (Herbert, 2007). Thus, budgeting strains and constraints serve as a final trend currently affecting policing, as over half of all policing agencies suffered budget cuts in 2012 alone, which comes on top of nearly 80-percent having experienced the same in 2010 (Police Executive, 2013). Alongside the policing trend of improving intelligence and technology, there has naturally been an increase in smarts and technological acumen of criminals. When this is combined with the trends of an overall increase in crime and a decrease in police budgets, the result is that a number of foreseeable issues that could potentially affect policing in the future have risen to the forefront of concern. As each generation becomes more and more Internet and electronic-savvy, there is an increased likelihood that in the years to come America will be plagued with more white-collar crimes than ever before (Wallentine, 2009). This issue becomes even more critical as globalization continues to spread ideas and technologies worldwide on a faster pace than ever, and the gap between rich and poor in the global marketplace increases as well, because he foreseeable result is the strengthening of domestic gangs and international separatist and extremist movements, which of course will lead to even greater spikes in crime rates and terrorist attacks (Cetron & Davies, 2008). Unfortunately, the financial trend that has been seen in policing will likely continue for the foreseeable future, which will not only limit the ability to confront these new critical issues, but will likely exacerbate them as well (Police Executive, 2013). It is also foreseeable that new state efforts to combat their overall economic struggles will serve as a critical issue with adverse policing affects as well. More and more states continue to modify their early release policies, putting criminals back onto the streets sooner and in greater numbers than ever before, which has caused police officials to almost unanimously report that they expect to see increases in their crime rates as a result (Police Executive, 2013). While these foreseeable critical issues certainly pose a set of substantial concerns for and potential threats to policing in the future, many can be dealt with and effectively addressed in the present-day through the implementation of a handful of changes. The first change that can start to take place in the policing world today is to establish partnerships between police forces operating in different parts of the nation and even those positioned in different societies throughout the globe (Cetron & Davies, 2008). While there has been a trend towards more collaborative police efforts in recent years, these efforts may need to take on a more international scope in order to address the critical issues that are likely to arise in an increasingly globalized world. The effectiveness of this change would be to allow police departments, particularly those in large U. S. cities, to address newly developing problems in their communities by connecting with other police forces that have already had to deal with the same exact types of problems in their societies for a long period of time (Cetron & Davies, 2008). For example, Israeli law enforcement officials have ample experience when it comes to dealing with the threat and realization of modern terrorist attacks, and their knowledge would serve as a great asset to big-city police forces in the U. S. if it were to be conveyed through joint-training or planning exercises (Cetron & Davies, 2008). Preparation and planning are also the keys that are essential to the changes that may be needed to effectively address the critical economic issues facing policing in the future. Although funding for police departments has been trending downwards for most localities in recent years, there has also been a concerted effort by federal and state governments to make new funds available when it comes to responding to natural disasters and terrorist attacks (Cetron & Davies, 2008). In light of this, police forces should develop contingency plans that will allow them to efficiently and effectively access funding and take advantage of external support structures that would be made available to them in the wake of these occurrences (Cetron & Davies, 2008). Likewise, a dual-financial purpose would be served if changes to how retired officers are viewed were put in place. Using retired officers as auxiliaries in particular situations would benefit them by helping to counteract the negative pension trend they are faced with, and would also help their employing departments by offering them a means in which they can extend their resource supply without having to pay the full-time salary requirements of newly hired officers (Cetron & Davies, 2008).

Free Essays on Chinese Infanticide

Infanticide in China Cui Bono: â€Å"†¦ whose interests are involved and who benefits or suffers from existing arrangements† (Robertson 1981). Who benefits? One might analyze this article and believe that it is the government that benefits from this policy. I don’t feel this is the situation. Because we, as Canadians, live in a free and democratic society, it is easy to interpret this article as satisfying and benefiting some sick and sinister government. It is my belief the government may benefit from infanticide in the sense that â€Å"punishments include fines against both the family and the local government, loss of family allowance and medical benefits† (KDC 2000). Obviously there is an economical benefit of this policy. However, I feel it is the entire population of China who ultimately benefits as the reason that this policy was initiated was to take [initiate] â€Å"effective measures to slow down the rapid growth of its population† (KDC 2000). It refers back to supply and demand. Overpopulation could essentially lead to starving of the Chinese people, and therefore, citizens of China would be dying. Lets nip it in the bud now so it doesn’t fully take us over later. In the opinion of a structural functionalist â€Å"most members agree on basic values† (Robertson 1981). I understand this as the members within a certain society tend to agree on specific laws or boundaries and do not oppose or question them because the rest of society has accepted them because the rest of society has accepted them. This seems to be the case in China and the existence of the infanticide policy. Members of Chinese society think it is normal in society because it has been happening for over 30 years and it was initiated â€Å"to ensure that China could feed all its people† (KDC 2000). Infanticide was utilized to control over-populating and to enforce â€Å"China’s one-child policy† (KDC 2000) because â€Å"without taking effective m... Free Essays on Chinese Infanticide Free Essays on Chinese Infanticide Infanticide in China Cui Bono: â€Å"†¦ whose interests are involved and who benefits or suffers from existing arrangements† (Robertson 1981). Who benefits? One might analyze this article and believe that it is the government that benefits from this policy. I don’t feel this is the situation. Because we, as Canadians, live in a free and democratic society, it is easy to interpret this article as satisfying and benefiting some sick and sinister government. It is my belief the government may benefit from infanticide in the sense that â€Å"punishments include fines against both the family and the local government, loss of family allowance and medical benefits† (KDC 2000). Obviously there is an economical benefit of this policy. However, I feel it is the entire population of China who ultimately benefits as the reason that this policy was initiated was to take [initiate] â€Å"effective measures to slow down the rapid growth of its population† (KDC 2000). It refers back to supply and demand. Overpopulation could essentially lead to starving of the Chinese people, and therefore, citizens of China would be dying. Lets nip it in the bud now so it doesn’t fully take us over later. In the opinion of a structural functionalist â€Å"most members agree on basic values† (Robertson 1981). I understand this as the members within a certain society tend to agree on specific laws or boundaries and do not oppose or question them because the rest of society has accepted them because the rest of society has accepted them. This seems to be the case in China and the existence of the infanticide policy. Members of Chinese society think it is normal in society because it has been happening for over 30 years and it was initiated â€Å"to ensure that China could feed all its people† (KDC 2000). Infanticide was utilized to control over-populating and to enforce â€Å"China’s one-child policy† (KDC 2000) because â€Å"without taking effective m...

The Approaches and Methodologies of New Product Development

The Approaches and Methodologies of New Product Development Introduction New products create a good opportunity for organisations. This ensures that an organization is on a creative plane where it can stimulate profitability growth. This can help organizations to expand their business operations from domestic to international levels (Parsons and Maclaran, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Approaches and Methodologies of New Product Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For this to happen, the new product development process strategies should be employed by the organization to encourage and harness the creative and innovative talent within it (Annacchino, 2003). The research answers various questions. These include: what are the strategies for new product development for soft drinks? Will the process facilitate efficient communication for the new product development project ranging from learning to training to best practices? Does the process provide an agre ement on the criteria for investment in a new product development and its branding and post launch evaluation? Consequently, the research should recognize the challenges that new product development process encounters. This should be inclusive of accountability and possession of all associated capital spending decisions (Kumar Phrommathed 2005). Thesis statement The main aim of the research paper is to assess and analyse the approaches and methodologies of new product development. This will be achieved through comparing the relevant literature related to the research topic. Notably, the new product development (NDP) is vital for the company’s growth and prosperity. Though it is not easy to manage, the NPD leads to opening new markets and attracting new customers. It also helps organizations to enlarge their capabilities and provide higher qualities on final products. New product development has stages and activities related to the idea of launching new products and with syst ematic approaches to the phases in the company. In this case, the probability of the company succeeding and securing a long time survival is very high. The new product is the most critical factor for organizations because customers or clients needs change rapidly and fosters competition among companies. Competition leads to positive impacts because it forces the organization to bring new products to the market. In addition, the products are offered at a reduced cost. Furthermore, competition improves the quality of products for consumption (Brown, Leavitt, Wright American Productivity Quality Center, 2004). Methodology This research study will mainly use qualitative research methods from both secondary and primary sources. The secondary sources for the dissertation will include the academic journals, books, papers and the internet, which will help identify areas of best practices. The primary sources of data will include members of the product team, the marketing and sales manager s, the manufacturing and production managers and the other employees who were involved in the new product development process (Weinberg, 2001).Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The dissertation will use various methods of qualitative research. This includes questionnaires and interviews. In addition, observations and documentary analysis will be used. I prefer the qualitative methods of research for this study given the qualitative nature of the data required (Liamputtong, 2009). Through the observation method, it will be easy for me to note the companies where the process of new product development has taken place. I will also make use of appropriate documents related to the study. This will include the private reports and records. Video recorders and cameras will also be used to reinforce observations. In addition, through the personal first hand experience of the new product development, understanding will be facilitated (Johnson Christensen, 2012). The interview will also be helpful as it aids in generating a large amount of data. I shall employ tape recording for later transcription. One can search for opinions, check an apparent contradiction, ask for clarifications, seek comparisons, ask for further information, aim for comprehensiveness and pose alternatives through the use of interviews as a method of qualitative research. I will interview the managers of different departments including the project, production, marketing, and sales managers. I will also interview a few employees who were involved during the process of new product development (Kvale, 1997).  The questionnaires are also critical in the research for the new product development process in many ways. For instance, it exposes accurate facts or pursues answers to firm categories. The questionnaire should create room for checks and balances. It should also cater for any extensions and adjustments. The questions should also recognize the situation under which the feedback is provided. The questionnaires will be addressed to the managers or assistant managers from the departments that were associated with the new product development process. In this case, they will give details out of experiences during the NPD process (Bryman Bell, 2007). Expected Outcomes The data from the primary research will be compared with the literature presented. This is meant to find out how the new product development contributes or is instrumental to success of the product. Types and stages in the New Product Development Process The types of product development models include a departmental stage model, which holds that departments are responsible for various activities carried out. The other one is the activity stage models, which improves on the departmental models since they are more concerned about the actual activities carried out inclusive of various iterations of market testing.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Approaches and Methodologies of New Product Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, there is the decision stage model that represents the NPD as a series of evaluation where decisions are made. This is with regard to either continuing with the project or not. Lastly, the conversion and the response models have their own explanations for the new product development process (Rafinejad, 2007). The stages or phases of new product development starting with the first step in the NPD include idea generation, which focuses on sourcing ideas, and idea screening whereby the sourced ideas are weighed and good ideas selected, and bad ideas rejected. The third stage is concept testing, which helps the company to find out if the consumers understand, need, and accept the product idea or not. The fourth stage is business analysis, which helps the company ide ntify whether the product is commercially profitable or not. The fifth stage is a product development whereby the company decides to bring the product to the market. The sixth stage is test marketing whereby the new product is introduced in the market in measured quantities. If the product becomes successful, it is then introduced on a large scale. The seventh stage is commercialization whereby after the test marketing is successful the company makes a large investment in the new product. The last stage is a review of the market performance that should give an answer to whether consumers are happy with the after sales service (Annacchino, 2003). Timetable for the dissertation research I am planning to start my dissertation research in two weeks time. The dissertation will explore how new products are successfully brought to market. Meanwhile, I am preparing to equip myself with all the necessary requirements for the research so that it can be perfect. I will first visit the companie s that have successfully practiced the process of NPD. I will collect data using the qualitative research methods that I have already mentioned. I will also research on organizations, which want to introduce new products to the market, see the strategies they are using, and do a follow up to inquire if they succeeded. This will take two weeks, and for those 14 days, I will schedule the stages or topics to be covered every day. In this case, before the end of two weeks, I will have covered every detail. In the third week, I will write down the final version. I will be grateful if my proposal is approved so as to correlate with my schedule. Therefore, the proposed research is likely to take three weeks before completion. The data collection will take a maximum of two weeks, whereas data analysis and report writing will take a week.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Literature review This field of new product development is widely researched in organizations and institutions. This concept has been integrated in many disciplines including, technology, management, business studies and policies, marketing and engineering. Personally, I have learned the new product development process as a topic in my management course and thus I have the theoretical knowledge about it. Such researches will show how organizations implement the new product development. Therefore, the research will provide or offer knowledge about the success of new product development. Managers have gained a lot from the research on new product development. Reference List Annacchino, M A 2003, New product development: From initial idea to product management, Butterworth Heinemann, Amsterdam. Brown, M, Leavitt, P, Wright, S American Productivity Quality Center 2004, New product development: A guide for your journey to best-practice processes, American Productivity Quality Center, Tex: Houston. Bryman, A Bell, E 2007, Business research methods, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. Johnson, B Christensen, LB 2012, Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches, SAGE Publications, Calif Thousand Oaks. Kumar, S Phrommathed, P 2005, New product development: An empirical study of the effects of innovation strategy, organization learning, and market conditions, Springer Science +Business Media, New York. Kvale, S 1997, InterViews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing, Sage Publ., Thousand Oaks. Liamputtong, P 2009, Qualitative research methods, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Vic. Parsons, E and Maclaran, P 2012, Contemporary Issues in Marketing and Consumer Behaviour, Routlegde, New York. Rafinejad, D 2007, Innovation, development and commercialization, J, Ross, Boca Raton, Fla. Weinberg, D 2001, Qualitative research methods, Blackwell Publishers, Malden, MA

Definition of Geography

Definition of Geography Since the beginning of humankind, the study of geography has captured the imagination of the people. In ancient times, geography books extolled tales of distant lands and dreamed of treasures. The ancient Greeks created the word geography from the roots ge for earth and grapho for to write. These people experienced many adventures and needed a way to explain and communicate the differences between various lands. Today, researchers in the field of geography still focus on people and cultures (cultural geography), and the planet earth (physical geography).   Physical Geography The features of the earth are the domain of physical geographers and their work includes research about climates, the formation of landforms, and plant and animal distribution. Working in closely related areas, the research of physical geographers and geologists often overlaps. Cultural Geography Religion, languages, and cities are a few of the specialties of cultural (also known as human) geographers. Their research into the intricacies of human existence is fundamental to our understanding of cultures. Cultural geographers want to know why various groups practice certain rituals, speak in different dialects, or organize their cities in a particular way. New Frontiers in Geography Geographers plan new communities, decide where new highways should be placed, and establish evacuation plans. Computerized mapping and data analysis are known as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a new frontier in geography. Spatial data is gathered on a variety of subjects and input onto a computer. GIS users can create an infinite number of maps by requesting portions of the data to plot. Theres always something new to research in geography: new nation-states are created, natural disasters strike populated areas, the worlds climate changes, and the Internet brings millions of people closer together. Knowing where countries and oceans are on a map is important but geography is much more than the answers to trivia questions. Having the ability to geographically analyze allows us to understand the world in which we live.

China in the World Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

China in the World Economics - Essay Example At the conclusion of his trip, the Shanghai Communiqu declared a statement of their shared foreign policy views. But following the suppression of Communist demonstrators in June 1989, U.S. suspended high-level official exchanges with the PRC and weapons exports and also imposed a number of economic sanctions on account of its absence of Human Rights policies. Following the September 11 2001 attacks, the U.S. and PRC commenced a counterterrorism propaganda that positively reflected in their joint ventures and wholly US-owned enterprises in mainland China. The 1969-79 years featured normalization of relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States. The economic and political maturity of China, coupled with new concerns over the nature of Chinese-American interactions (concerns that were prompted by several circumstances, including the Vietnam War and Nixon's surprise visit to the PRC), caused the establishment of full diplomatic relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. ... The PRC welcomed the visit for a variety of reasons, the most important of which was probably the perceived imminence of a Soviet attack on China. A second factor was Peking's concern that Japan's tremendous economic growth might serve as the basis for a revitalization of Japanese militarism until United States by virtue of its security treaty with Japan help prevent any such Japanese rearmament. The size of the Chinese economy, even measured in current U.S. dollar (USD) terms, is likely to have surpassed that of Britain and leapt to be the fourth largest economy in the world by the end of 2005. Since its re-entry into the world economy in the late 1970s, China has been a beneficiary of the international economic system. In the 1990s, more and more states pursue the strategy of entering into free trade agreements that offer preferential terms of trade among its members while discriminating against nonmembers. The establishment of the WTO in 1995, whose explicit intent was to strength en application of the principle of non-discrimination of its member economies, saw a growth in the number of FTAs. By mid-2000, one hundred and fourteen FTAs were in effect. Steve Van Andel, chairman of the US Chamber of Commerce and board chairman of the US-based Amway Company, during an exclusive interview with People's Daily correspondent Liu Aicheng stationed in the United States the Chinese markets potential and economic development to be very promising. He said: US Amway Company, founded in 1959, is a world-famous producer of household products for daily use. The company has been investing in China for seven years, with the total investment topping US$1 million, and it has planned to expand its investment

Left vs. Right brain and how it can impact learning Research Paper

Left vs. Right brain and how it can impact learning - Research Paper Example The right hemisphere can also perform mathematical estimations and comparisons to a limited level. Comprehension of visual imagery and interpretation of a voice tone are aspects performed by the right side of the brain. It is complex to tell how a person becomes right or left brained. Some people can be left or right handed, and that is alluded to the side of the brain is dominant. The brain assigns and balances functions to each side of its hemisphere. The portioning of tasks is done to ensure efficiency in the performance of the brain. The asymmetry of the brain is necessary in ensuring that there is no conflict in terms of performance and control. Left brained persons are known to be objective, analytical and logical. A right brained person is thoughtful, subjective, and intuitive. Psychologists note this to be lateralization of brain function. Each side of the brains plays a role. Nobel Prize winner, Rodger Sperry observed that incision of corpus collosum eliminates or reduces epileptic seizures. However, the patients experience other symptoms when the corpus collosum is cut. Such patients cannot name objects processed by either side of the brain (Fitgerald, 2010). Despite being lateralized, the two sides of the brain still work as a unit. Some analysts have also refuted claims that one side of the brain can be dominant than the other. Right brained persons are said to be more creative than their left side counterparts. It is believed that right-brained thinkers are very few. We can allude that they view things from a different perspective. That trait is what makes them creative. The left brained persons are objective but lack the natural creativity. Not that they are not creative at all, but they articulate it in a unique way (Duncan, 2009) Right brained people can learn much about abstract art. Abstract art has an element of disorganization and lack of order. It entails no boundaries and involves creativity. It is easy for

Nursing Mentoring Program Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Mentoring Program - Assignment Example After evaluation of the career development needs, next objective is to design an evidence-based mentoring program for the career development needs of the nursing staff working at the Jackson VA Medical Center.   3a. Arrange dialogues and meetings with clinical nurses and other employees working for some other mentoring program at the VA Medical Center in order to have their guidance during the development phase of the program.   3b. Take suggestions from the mentor and the colleagues for the development of an appropriate mentoring program.   3c. Review of the evidence-based literature related to the most effective mentoring programs.   3d. Carry out a detailed research on the effective pairing of mentors and mentee.   3e. Set specific criteria and develop the mentoring agreement for anyone who wants to serve as a mentor in order to promote quality mentoring. 3a. The inclusion of information obtained through the meetings and dialogues with the clinical nurses and employees along with minutes of the meetings in the clinical journal.   3b. Making use of relevant information gathered from the mentor and mentoring colleagues in the development of the mentoring program.   3c. The inclusion of the most recent literature and the annotated bibliography in the project’s PowerPoint presentation.   3d. The inclusion of the copy of an evidence-based mentoring program in the mentoring project.   3e. Documentation of results and inclusion of the dates and results of the review of the literature in the clinical journal.   3f. The inclusion of the copy of mentoring agreements and criteria for mentors and mentees in the clinical journal. Another objective is to evaluate the learning effectiveness of the student nurses who participated in the mentoring program at the Jackson VA Medical Center. 4a. In order to analyze the learning perceptions of the nurses, conduct an evidence-based literature review on appropriate questions of an assessment tool.   4b. Review the prepared draft with the mentor and the clinical nurse researcher.   4c. Consult the procedure of developing an assessment tool for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the mentoring program with the mentor and the clinical nurse researcher. 4c.   Develop an assessment tool not only to assess the efficacy of the mentoring program in meeting the academic needs of nurses but also to review the results of the learning process.   4d. Evaluate the results by consulting the assessment report with the mentor and the clinical nurse researcher.   

100 Years of Broadway Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

100 Years of Broadway - Assignment Example Broadway dates as ancient as Sophocles and Shakespeare eras, which translates to about three millennia. It forms the foundation of all drama. As a result, this American history can hardly be forgotten, despite the technological revolution in the film and television industries. When one mentions ‘Broadway’ in America, what comes to mind is not just the location, the history coupled with dreams and ideas. It represents a place where many great Americans had gathered and performed before, and still do to date. Because of this, many people identify with it as it saw the dreams of great Americans in theater and musicals come true (Everett & Laird, 2009: 200). To elaborate the cultural importance of Broadway, the best Broadway shows over the last one hundred years are recreated to honor this show. In his event, shows acted by great American personalities like Dreamgirls, Les Miserables and The Phantom of the Opera are redone. In musicals, ‘standard’ refers to thos e musicals that are older and more established compared to the rest. Just like contemporary musicals, standard musicals also help in propelling the story or action in theatrical performances. They assist the audience in understanding the flow of the performance. Examples are All that Jazz by Bob Fosse, and Oklahoma by Rodgers and Hammerstein. ‘World Blues’ refer to the celebration of the global influence of America’s blues (Spurrier, 1979). Standard musicals help the audience in understanding the flow of a performance.

Externalities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Externalities - Research Paper Example They can also be referred to as the spill-over effects in the economy. Negative externalities results social costs to the society exceeding the private costs while positive externalities results in social benefits exceeding the private benefits. A case of negative externality can be illustrated by the graph shown below. Externalities and their solutions Air pollution is one of the major forms of negative externality. It arises from the burning of fossil fuels. Smoke from motor vehicles results to negative effects on the health of the road users leading to cancerous infections. The owners of the motor vehicles do not bear the cost of medical treatment to those affected. Smoke from cigarettes imposes a cost on the non-smokers who have to bear the cost of treating diseases due to smoke. This form of externality can be mitigated through the imposition of taxes commonly known as Pigovian tax which is usually set at a figure close to the cost of that externality. However this has a challen ge in determining the actual amount of tax to be imposed (Papandreou, 1998). The tax is also applied in anon progressive manner which makes it less equitable. Some firms are forced to pay more than what they are supposed to pay in actual terms. Finally it may not be social optimal by the fact that some firms may layoff their employees so as to meet the cost of taxation. Due to these weaknesses of taxation, it is not emphasized by the government but instead a lot of emphasis is made on regulation. The government regulates the amount of production and consumption leading to externalities. This can be in form of quantity regulation in which the government can force the firms to produce the socially efficient quantity instead of taxing it forcing the firm to internalize the cost of the externality. Carbon emissions are another form of negative externality. Carbon emission from firms pollutes the surrounding environment resulting to an increase in social costs accruing to the third parti es and it also forms part of greenhouses gases that promote global warming. Negative changes in the environment due to climatic condition variations can be attributed to carbon dioxide emissions. Coase Theorem provides a means by which this externality can be controlled; it lays emphasis on the need to have externalities internalized by the firms that produce them if the form of tradable emission permits. The theorem however has some limitations such as the free rider problem in which some agents can enjoy the benefits of a free environment without contributing towards it. It tends to work best in situations where externalities are not global but are in existence in a smaller context. Use of carbon trading provides a means of is to create a means putting a price on carbon emission. Thus it assists in internalizing environmental costs of firm and results in lower emissions. The government may also levy fees on each unit of pollutants that is being emitted into the surrounding environ ment. Setting emission standards provides a means of limiting the amount of pollutants emerging from a firm. Another form of negative externality is water pollution which results in the death of aquatic life as well as having some negative effects on the environment. Industrial effluents emitted by firms into major water bodies causes disease outbreaks. Acidic rain which is caused by water pollution brings about deforestation thus causing serious environmental degradation. Household water

100 Years of Broadway Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

100 Years of Broadway - Assignment Example Broadway dates as ancient as Sophocles and Shakespeare eras, which translates to about three millennia. It forms the foundation of all drama. As a result, this American history can hardly be forgotten, despite the technological revolution in the film and television industries. When one mentions ‘Broadway’ in America, what comes to mind is not just the location, the history coupled with dreams and ideas. It represents a place where many great Americans had gathered and performed before, and still do to date. Because of this, many people identify with it as it saw the dreams of great Americans in theater and musicals come true (Everett & Laird, 2009: 200). To elaborate the cultural importance of Broadway, the best Broadway shows over the last one hundred years are recreated to honor this show. In his event, shows acted by great American personalities like Dreamgirls, Les Miserables and The Phantom of the Opera are redone. In musicals, ‘standard’ refers to thos e musicals that are older and more established compared to the rest. Just like contemporary musicals, standard musicals also help in propelling the story or action in theatrical performances. They assist the audience in understanding the flow of the performance. Examples are All that Jazz by Bob Fosse, and Oklahoma by Rodgers and Hammerstein. ‘World Blues’ refer to the celebration of the global influence of America’s blues (Spurrier, 1979). Standard musicals help the audience in understanding the flow of a performance.

Response #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response #1 - Essay Example the lives of the manual labourers, he himself spent time as a manual worker at a blast furnace in Hungary, at an engineering factory in Chicago, at a furniture factory in Russia and at an office in Zambia. He undertook each of these experiences with a scientific and unbiased spirit so as to yield authentic material for his research on socialism. Burawoy’s theory of the extended case method necessitates sensitive and reflexive interaction between the researcher and his subjects. He believed that the research scholars must try to extend their own experiences into the lives of their subjects. They should refrain from thrusting their own principles on them as it makes their analyses shallow and biased. To yield successful in-depth analysis, researchers must volunteer to spend prolonged durations at mines, factories, offices and other study sites. They must adopt a bottom-to-top approach in order to gain and convey a more genuine and reliable analysis of the processes of globalization. This extended case method of research and theorising has gained huge popularity worldwide in the sphere of social sciences. The extended case method, in its search for the unforeseen aspects of social truth, attempts to use social occurrences as a tool to refute traditional theories. It clearly lists out the elements that one can usually anticipate at a study site. It aims to extend the same law as an explanation to as many phenomena as possible, while admitting the impact of external forces in the creation of social situations. It seeks to reveal the effects of the macro environment on the micro environment. The social situations are not used to explain or elaborate the already existing theories, but are preconceived as anomalies to the accepted truth. The existing social theories are then looked up to for seeking an explanation of the anomalous situation. The areas where the existing theories are rendered inadequate are used as a scope for revision, rectification and innovation.

Historical accounts Essay Example for Free

Historical accounts Essay Historical accounts that support the role of globalization in poverty reduction are observed especially during peace time and pro-globalization among countries. There is at least eighty percent of the world population that lived at an inflation-adjusted $1 per day at the onset of wartime in the early nineteenth century (Srinivasan and Wallack 2003). Half century by half century, this level is consistently lowered with drastic improvement in post-war period. However, up to this day, debates continued at the gates of international organizations such as WTO, WB, IMF, etc. Most of the protagonists are still in doubt not on how globalization contributed to economic growth but more importantly how it impacted the poor. These debates are inconsistent with historical accounts that proved globalization as solution to poverty. The impact of globalization on poverty is a matter of time to give way for trickle effects, institutional adjustments and change of perception on traditional beliefs. And so, in the long run, there are fewer questions about the benefits that poor may have from globalization. In this view, protagonists are highly concern on the distance between the deliveries of poverty effects of globalization to the grass root people which are normally the poor with economic growth serving as intermediary. They are primarily concern on how unequal the amount that is delivered and how unfair the delay of those amount. Thus, economic growth is criticized to prioritize the welfare of the well-off sector rather than the welfare of the poor. The preceding statement is especially true when the risks of well-off people are compared with the risks of the poor. The former have ease in searching for employment, has enough liquidity for the delay in the welfare delivery and thus in the position to be doubly happy. On the other hand, the latter is in reverse situation aggravated by subsistence living and exposure to physical hazards and capitalist exploitation making them in absolute despair by lengthy wait for delivery of minimal welfare. A good example is the inequitable income distribution. As industries expand business due to increasing inflow of direct and portfolio capital from abroad, well-off people are prioritized to jobs that are created due to formal education. If they are terminated or walk out of the office in their voluntary preference, they are still on-demand from expanding businesses. In contrast, the poor with little knowledge of how the sector works and little options would feel inferior and thus is willing to take whatever salary, conditions of work and other dictates of their employer. Both their mobility and freedom are taken away. There are several empirical studies that suggest globalization is pro-poor. Besley and Burgess (2003) found that there is a negative relationship between the poverty and income per capita. In monitoring GDP growth and poverty on a twenty-year frame from 1980 to 2000, Deaton (2001) concluded that economic growth is responsible to poverty reduction in India. China, which is referred to as an economic giant awaken by foreign direct investments, is quoted by Park and Wang (2001) to have drastically eradicated rural poverty since 1998. To evidence that the role of globalization is not only limited to income aspect, poor nations in Africa showed high levels of lowered poverty during the 1990s elevated by consequently addressing issues of mortality, education and AIDS epidemic. According to Besley and Burgess (2003), economic growth is only possible when three resources are present; namely, physical capital, human capital and technological change. This is illustrated in many ways. As the poor gain equal knowledge as the well-off, the former salary will increase and thus get both of them in equal footing in terms of income. As newer technologies primarily in agriculture increase the yield of the poor, their incomes as well as capitalist tendencies will simultaneously benefit. There is even a surplus harvest to attend their nutritional demands and less risk that a natural calamity will make this positive situation short-lived. As road infrastructure takes over the rural and farm areas, access to larger markets and faster economic activity will further improve the situation of the poor. These three sources of economic growth can be done minimally by the national and local government due to the vicious cycle of being a poor nation. With globalization, deficient funding will not be a hindrance to provide sources of economic growth due to inflow of capital. Accepting the argument that economic growth is indeed a good middleman to improve the welfare of the poor from globalization, the global community must have an average annual economic growth of 3. 8% by 2015 with lowest demand growth from Eastern Europe and Central Asia and highest demand growth from Sub-Saharan Africa (Besley and Burgess 2003). Eminent in the work of Srinivasan and Wallack (2003) is that globalization must be coupled with redistribution such as price support and public services to the poor. On the other hand, Besley and Burgess (2003) specifically defined their preference on the term redistribution through income distribution. They argued that the volatility of income distribution among developing countries is very minimal. Thus, the impact of globalization on the poor sector is loomed by increasing the average income of the population. In the study of Dollar and Kraay (2001), it is found that globalizing large economies of the developing world are characterized by large rise in trade and large fall in tariff barriers starting in 1980s. Economic growth compared to 1970s is higher for the following decade through 1990s. However, even with this figures, non-globalizing developing countries that are small did not gain the same success of their large economy counterparts. On the positive side, the welfare of the poor in respect to level of income is argued to have regression relevance with the level of trade. This study supported the role of globalization to poverty reduction and the effectiveness of economic growth to deliver the necessary benefits to industries, sectors and public at large. Still, the minority of small countries that may not have the sufficient market as well as institutional backbone to exploit large foreign capital inflows are hoping for the miracles of globalization. Conclusion Would I support Globalization in terms of growth? The answer is relative and as much as we would like to place straightforward answer we cannot. It is hard to generalize the behavior of developed countries towards transition economies. The overlapping issue is that the former is offering the latter with the chance to achieve the former economic status without going through historical hardships which can include war. This is an offer that is hard to give away especially that most governments of transition economies are administered by older people. In addition, inability to integrate relations to world affairs at least partially would make the transitional country weak against global shocks, external feud and addressing of internal objectives. To this view, globalization is for growth since it encourages transitional economies to join the globalization wave to improve national economy. On the flip side, it is rational for the leaders of transitional economies to make a well-prepared and if not rigid bilateral and multilateral agreements with trading partners. This is true especially when its internal resources are vulnerable to adverse spill-over effects of globalization. It is a conservative but helpful to view these treaties as anti-growth particularly on quality of life, history and well-being of the nation’s identity. Internal resources do not only include people, places and things but also intangible resources like ideologies and memories. Globalization serves as intervening if not modifying mechanisms to status quo of these components. As a result, to be able to protect the non-economic growth of several national treasures and resources, seeing globalization as anti-growth to internal well-being is valid. References Besley, Timothy J, Burgess, Robin (2003). Halving global poverty. Journal of economic perspectives, 17(3), 3-22. David Dollar, Aart Kraay (2004) Trade, Growth, and Poverty* The Economic Journal 114 (493), F22–F49 Deaton, Angus. (2001a), â€Å"Counting the World’s Poor’s Problems and Possible Solutions,† World Bank Research Observer, 16(2), 125-47. Park, A. and S. Wang (2001), â€Å"China’s Poverty Statistics,† China Economic Review, 23, 384-95. Srinivasan, T. N.? Wallack, J. S. ,â€Å"Globalization,Growthandthe Poor†,in De Economist, 152 (2), 2004, p. 251

Incorporating Student Voices into Education Systems

Incorporating Student Voices into Education Systems â€Å"†¦language is the primary technology of communication.† Winch et al., 2004 6.1 Introduction to the Discussion This chapter uses its space to develop some of the issues raised by the research that has gone into the dissertation. If it is contentious, it is in order to ask questions about issues where the answers are not yet available, and develop a deeper understanding of the concepts. This includes: the reality of Student Voice as a supported and integrated concept, rather than as a manipulated concept for integration the validation of alternative education as an ideal place for Student Voice the questions of Partnerships and how this is being politically channelled whilst not perhaps given the strength of foundation it deserves and needs 6.2 Student Voice: Integration for Learning or Integration for Policy As the dissertation showed, there are strong theoretical underpinnings for the value of incorporating Student Voice into educational systems, especially when seen in a constructivist light. The surprise is that it has taken so long. However, the study has also shown that it is not always as easy as anticipated to re-format a school’s approach. There are worries and concerns surrounding the actual reality of adapting an existing system to incorporate Student Voice. There are the teachers concerns of devaluing learning at the cost of social development. There are fears about loosing control and upsetting the status quo. On the other hand, there are also those who embrace the concepts of freedom of learning choice and student contribution. As Martin, Worral, and Dutson-Steinfeld (2005) put it, it is now too late to put the lid back on Pandora’s Box. The danger is that the tide may follow the easiest path, rather than listening to the voices that are more difficult to hear. Cruddass (2001) argued that these voices may have the greatest contribution to make. After all, if Student Voice is a method of integration, it is surely fairly pointless directing it towards those who already have their avenues for communication and are well entrenched within the system, when those just outside need to be provided with a way in. It perhaps reflects some of the cultural values when it comes to who the system wants to provide a voice for and who it does not. For the Westernised education systems, changes in the socio-economic climates have brought about a: shifting balance of power, caused by information and communications technology and learners access to alternative sources of knowledge, reduced public funding, globalisation and commercial imperatives. Latchem Hanna 2001, p. 1 One could perhaps add that as the public funding has gone down, the gap has been filled by an incremental increase in policy documentation and political rhetoric. It seems that the onus is put on the schools to follow the recommendations, and increasingly to fund these demands themselves. That aside, listening to young learners, and understanding what they are communicating has most probably been a part of the repertoire of what Haberman (1995) termed star teachers long before it become encapsulated in documentation. The discussion is whether the value put on Student Voice is a passing phase or is getting the attention it so richly deserves. 6.3 Alternative Education and Student Voice This section of the discussion returns to the use of an environmental education format as a means of combining positive communication strategies through the use of different formats, such as a conservation park and school. It has taken some time for alternative educational formats to receive official consideration, and this has demanded a considerable change in mind set. For example, as more people have come to understand the necessity for a complete change with regard to the place of humans in the environment, the ideals of education driven by sustainability have become less the realm of extremists and more the essentials for good sense. If one were to take this a step further, a developed form of education such as that potentially offered by the Park could become less of an alternative, and more of a mainstream consideration. This is one reason that this dissertation has explored the environment as a means of generating attitudes and ‘raising voices’, rather than a que stioning of knowledge gained through the Activate Programs. Using the Park as the example, this study found that the Activate Programs were effective in communicating a positive attitude towards each other based on involvement with a specific environment. Rather than a sense of environmental consideration, there was a sense of connection amongst students to the Park. Although environmental knowledge was not measured, the results of working in the environment contributed to the Observational sections that informed some of this dissertation showed changes in awareness. One of the important factors was the ‘culture’ of familiarity that developed amongst those students who were regulars on the Activate programs. They developed a better understanding of the Park and knew more what to expect when they visited. This meant they not only had different expectations that those less familiar with the Park, but that they started to show a leadership and peer attitude that supported the Activate ethic. This working in the environment system, when designed carefully and driven by the right personalities, appears to strongly support the idea of a more mainstream approach to an ‘outdoor classroom’. This ‘culture of communication’, as it could be called, aims to be enabling and empowering for students. It not only encourages positive connections to develop between the students and the environment, it also gives them practical opportunities to see what they can do. This is a vitally important point for students from schools where they are all too often given information, but have no way of acting upon it in a positive and constructive way. In the Park, there is the combination of Student Voice as an over-current to the Activate activities. For example, the Lion group consists of some very challenging students who would not normally co-operate together. Yet at the Park, as the following quote shows, they do. There is a continual level of communication that seems to equate to a very different reality to the one found at school: It is very encouraging to see some of our students in this program and then see how different they are in their behaviour and attitude back in a classroom/school setting. In the classroom they can be the disruptive/troubled student and yet at the Park these same students have been the Leaders and are willing to help/show and guide new/younger student of this group. At the beginning of our program we had a hard, troubled group but as time evolved they have built relationships and furthered skills they didnt know they had. Teacher Interview 2006 Expectations were integrated with communication. Where there was insufficient communication between the Park and school staff, false expectations could be generated and this was an area that needed tightening up as it could lead to confusion. However, the outcomes for attitude have been predominantly positive. Not one teacher, student, parent or support staff wanted to see the programs stop and the majority like them as they are. 6.4 Does Parent Partnership’s Help Thanks to the SEN and Disability Act (DfES 2001), parents and carers now have avenues that will help them find out the options available for their SEN child. Parent Partnership Services (PPS) (see e.g. Worcestershire County Council’s online Parent Partnership Service) are designed to deliver statutory rights including: ..information, advice and guidance on SEN matters to allow them to make informed decisions about their child’s education. PPS can also help prevent difficulties from developing into disagreements. Rogers et al. 2006, p. 1 There are obvious advantages to a partnership approach (Roger et al.2006: Wolfendale 2002: Wolfendale Cook 1997). It enables a more holistic approach to the students’ whole learning experience and thereby includes their social and emotional status as well as the environmental and cognitive. But, as Rogers et al. (2006) show in their assessment of PPS, the methodology of integrating PPS still needs work and is highly variable. With regard to this dissertation, the discussion focuses on the positive contribution of parents and carers when they are involved with the student’s education at school whilst stopping short of advocating that teacher’s lesson plans be available to parents: Schools should make information available to parents on what they can expect from schools and individual pupils’ progress. This might include access to lesson plans and learning materials and should be available as and when parents want to access it. DfES 2006b, p. 24 If the goal is that of the ‘personalised learning’ (DfES 2006) currently advocated, with all it’s emphasis on partnership, then it may well be that teachers will have to re-evaluate what their planning is for. It would seem entirely acceptable, in deed necessary, for parents and carers involved in this partnership approach to be well acquainted with what is about to be taught. yet this sounds more and more like sending the parents back to school themselves. Perhaps the ideal is a school planning document that outlines the curriculum content and its anticipated coverage, subject to curriculum changes of course, that is specifically prepared for community involvement. The fact that Partnership is being advocated above Student Voice perhaps suggests that one format is easier to manage politically than the other. In fact, the following DfES (2006b) Figure 4 shows that pupil voice is more an element of learning an a cognitive descriptive than a part of all-round learni ng. These are just three of the issues put forward for discussion and it is anticipated that much more work will be done on these in the future. 7 CONCLUSION This study has been a learning journey in itself. The first thing the study demanded was learning to listen properly to students and not interpret what they were saying by my own standards. The added dimension of the zoological park provided a fascinating contrast with student’s styles and types of communication and how they changed at school and at the Park. The following is a brief summary of where we are now and what needs to be considered in the future. We now know that a democratic system equips students better, be they in a special school or mainstream, for a post educational reality. Part of this democratic system involves the right to speak on one’s own behalf and have one’s view listened to and, when appropriate, acted up. At its best, Student Voice works as a means of holistically integrating students in their education. Whilst Student Voice motivates, it also allows and encourages students to take responsibility for their learning. The dissertation has shown that this works at a variety of levels. In the classroom, the study identified some of the strong links between student intrinsic motivation and the power of choice. Where the student is involved in selection and method of learning, they are more likely to become and remain enthusiastic. It should go without saying that it is equally important for SEN students to have these same rights, even if the means of communication are different. This means official su pport (i.e. funding) is necessary for schools to be able to resource themselves sufficiently to cater for all Student Voices. As discussed, this issue of funding is a particularly thorny one and seems to get hidden beneath the shifting sands of politics, covered with a blanket of rhetoric and Government sponsored research. However, it is a step along the way towards changing ‘mind sets’ towards Student Voice. There is also the issue of teacher attitudes. Many teachers are more used to being heard and less familiar with the type of listening Student Voice requires. Some find it hard to validate student opinion. Despite all the research done into Student Voice, and the obviously better ‘fit’ it makes in contemporary society, there are still those who are frightened by the change in the status quo, or who’s training has not encompassed this, or who resent more official requirements. In fact, in a contemporary, humanistic and individualised paradigm, it seems increasingly strange that choice as a concept does not underpin the UK educational system. Therefore, one of the recommendations for the future has to more professional development for those teachers that need it. Teacher training itself is constantly subject to change and has the challenge of both preparing students for the reality of working in schools and establishing the current pedagogic approach. For example, it may be hard for a new teacher with a passion for listening to students to adapt to work in a more traditional school setting. With regard to settings, the dissertation showed that location and environment have a distinct impact on students. This led to the design of a new school which combined both the in-class educational formats and the outdoors activities, be those agricultural, environmental, or simply outside. In summary, the future of Student Voice and its best use in the UK educational system needs to take into consideration: Teacher training and continued support for new and existing teachers through professional development. Make the formats for student voice more user-friendly and introduce them professionally – do not expect all schools to be able to adapt their format automatically. Finance and long term support. What lies before us and what lies behind us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us. Oliver Windell Holmes

The French Revolution Essay -- essays research papers

The French Revolution (1789-99) violently transformed France from a monarchical state with a rigid social hierarchy into a modern nation in which the social structure was loosened and power passed increasingly to the middle classes. There is considerable controversy over the causes of the Revolution. Marxist scholars emphasize material factors: as the population increased, food supplies grew short; land had become divided into such small parcels that most Frenchmen lived close to the subsistence level; and after 1776 agricultural recession forced property owners to exploit their sources of revenue. Marxists also maintain that commercial prosperity had stimulated the growth of a monied middle class that threatened the position of the established landed aristocracy. Other social historians emphasize the importance of the growing discrepancy between reality and the legally defined social structure, which distinguished men by hereditary or acquired rank and recognized corporate rather t han individual rights. They also emphasize, however, the complexity of French society and question the importance of capitalism. The first phase of the Revolution was marked by moral and physical violence. The National Assembly established a new legal structure by abolishing privileges, venality, and "feudal" obligations (August 4); formulating a Declaration of Rights (August 26); and specifying basic constitutional principles that left the king as the chief executive officer but deprived him of any legislative power except a suspensive veto. In 1789-91, a comparatively peaceful period, the National Assembly did much to modernize France. Despite the Declaration of Rights, the reformed franchise still excluded the poor; but the public maintained its faith in freedom and unity. In 1791 the call for a clerical oath of loyalty crystallized the conflict between the new sovereignty and traditional loyalties and split the whole country. In 1791-92 the hard-won constitution collapsed. On Apr. 20, 1792, the new Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria, which it believed to be instigating counterrevolution ary agitation and thus launched the French Revolutionary Wars. Born of this second revolution and briefly favored by military victory, the National Convention horrified Europe by establishing a republic (Sept. 22, 1792), inaugurating a policy of revolutionary war, and sendin... ...utions were nonetheless steadily eroded until the creation of the First Empire (1804-15) ended the revolutionary period. The most concrete results of the French Revolution were probably achieved in 1789-91, when land was freed from customary burdens and the old corporate society was destroyed. The great reforms of 1789-91 nevertheless established an enduring administrative and legal system, and much of the revolutionaries' work in humanizing the law itself was subsequently incorporated in the Napoleonic Code. Politically, the revolution was more significant than successful. Since 1789 the French government has been either parliamentary and constitutional or based on the plebiscitary system that Napoleon inherited and developed. The Revolution nevertheless freed the state from the trammels of its medieval past, releasing such unprecedented power that the revolutionaries could defy, and Napoleon conquer, the rest of Europe. Moreover, that power acknowledged no restraint: in 1793 unity was imposed on the nation by the Terror. Europe and the world have ever since been learning what infringements of liberty can issue from the concepts of national sovereignty and the will of the people.

Kewauna And Marita Comparison Essay Essay

Ambitious Bargains Have you ever wanted to prove somebody or even yourself that you could do better? Have you ever wanted to prove that you were better than what you were or where you came from? That’s what two girls named Kewauna and Marita wanted to do. Kewauna wanted to better her life with the OneGoal program, she took full advantage of her education by getting to know her professors and making them remember her, and anything she struggled with she made sure to study and pay extra attention to. Marita also wanted to take advantage of her education instead of telling her mom that she couldn’t handle the KIPP Academy she toughed through it, even with a 10 hour school day she will go home and study more leaving her with no social life at all, she also goes to school on Saturdays and goes to school during the summer so she can go onto high school. Kewauna and Marita are similar because they are both very ambitious, they both went to successful preparatory schools, and they both come from troubled backgrounds. Kewauna and Marita are both ambitious because they give up a part of their lives in order to break the stereotype that children from poverty and bad situations can be just as successful as rich kids already given that opportunity. One example of Kewauna being ambitious is when she said â€Å"No matter how overwhelming it is, no matter how exhausting it is, I’m not going to give up.† Another example of the two being ambitious is when Marita was telling the interviewer about her schedule like it was something a normal kid would have and she had a completely calm demeanor about the whole thing. Another example for Marita is when she is doing her homework as soon as she gets home from school she goes straight to her homework and doesn’t really want to take a break from it, not even to eat. Another comparison you can make between Marita and Kewauna is that they both went to strict prep schools. Kewauna went to a preparatory school by the name OneGoal, it was dedicated to turning extremely struggling students into  college ready scholars. â€Å"Of the 128 students, including Kewauna, who started OneGoal as juniors at six Chicago high schools in the fall of 2009, ninety-six were enrolled in four-year colleges as of March 2012.† This proves that OneGoal is a fairly successful prep school. Marita went to a school called KIPP Academy where richer kids automatically had the upper hand because of the amount of money and lifestyle they were born into. The school was known for its ascendancy in math, and that may have caused Marita to major in Accounting now that she is in college. The final comparison you can make between the two is that they both came from troubled backgrounds, poor families, and bad neighborhoods with little to no opportunities before KIPP and OneGoal. Kewauna had a very troubling childhood until OneGoal, she was arrested at 15 for punching a police officer and she was also homeless for a time in her life. She decided to change her life for the better and start doing better in school after a family intervention about her behavior. There is the only slight difference between Kewauna and Marita, Marita was not a problematic child like Kawauna she just is one of the unfortunate people born in a not-so-nice neighborhood which lessened her chances of being successful significantly. Luckily, for both of Marita and Kewauna they have beaten that stereotype to pieces and they both enrolled in higher education. In conclusion, Marita and Kewauna can practically be twins. But in all seriousness, the two are strikingly similar in the way they have come up from practically nothing. They both went through some sort of program to help prepare them for their bright and shining future (KIPP and OneGoal). The two came up from the bottom and are on their way to the top of the top. Marita and Kewauna are role models for young girls in poverty and troubled homes that are constantly being reminded that they will never amount to anything. They tell them that if you are ambitious like me and you have plenty of work ethic you can get anywhere, you can do anything, you are unstoppable.

How successfully does tourist industry in the Canaries add value? Essay

How successfully does tourist industry in the Canaries add value? To what extent is Maslow’s hierarchy is applied to motivate staff in Souvenir Palace? Souvenir Palace, a retail outlet company started in the year 1991 by Jose Ignacio. They are specialist sellers in Souvenirs. Apart from that, they have also started to sell cigarettes, tobacco and electronics. This decision was taken a couple of years back when the company was making success in the market by opening their shop no. 5 in the last 12 months. Now, they have more than 200 employees working in the company over different 40 department stores throughout the island of Gran Canaria which is located in Spain. Now in the future they are thinking of selling perfumes as well. One of the retail outlets of the Souvenir Palace company. The key factor behind the company’s success has been the huge amount of tourism industry that is located on the island. This been a huge fact on the success of the record sale of the year that the company made (1.6 million à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ – 250 million pesetas)1 in the year 2000. Not only, tourism has helped the company grow, the motivation strategies applied by Mr. Jose Ignacio has also helped them to gain a major market share than of their competitors. This competitive advantage of years has given them a good brand image because of their excellent service and relationship with customers. A major fact that approves that tourism has helped the company to grow is that before the September 11 attacks, many people used to travel and come to this beautiful island. That was the time when the record sales were made. After the September 11 attacks, sales have fallen dramatically.2 They have had a 40% decrease since then.3 This has really affected them, which has destroyed their future plan of selling perfumes. Now they are thinking of applying other strategies of improving their sales and improving their performance like they had before the September 11 attacks. Tourism was growing from the year 1995 till 2001, suddenly when those attacks occurred and there was a major decline in the tourism industry. This has affected the whole world. However, the company is still doing well, as Mr. Jose Ignacio tries to motivate their employees. Mr. Jose Ignacio believes in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. He thinks that by referring to Maslow’s theory, you can motivate the employees better. First of all, he tries to provide them with the basic needs such as food and shelter. Then, he thinks of the further stages on the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. These are Security needs. He does this by providing them with permanent contracts, giving a good, friendly and healthy working condition. Then he would think of Esteem needs. This is done by team working, as this would help all of the employees become good colleagues having good relationship which could result to both, formal and informal communication within the company. Finally, he would decide to go for the self-actualisation, this means that he gives his employees higher responsibility than they normally have and to praise them for their job well done as they could feel good and also that the company needs them and they are a part of their organisation. However, there are limitations for promoting employees. These limitations are that not many people can be promoted, because the company doesn’t need so many higher levels of staff, so not many people can be promoted. Also, not much responsibility could be given to any employee, because each employee has only a particular task. We can also tell that the company is doing very well by making some simple comparisons between the different companies on the island. Reports show that souvenir Palace has done far better and kept ahead of the game.4 One way to show this is that they have kept expanding their business while others have been the same. Moreover, comparisons of balance sheets have been made by many business analysts on the island who have prepared their reports for the public interest. The other main factor that has been the key for the company has been the motivation strategies that have been applied by the CEO, Mr. Jose Ignacio. In the interview, he told me that, â€Å"It has been five years now that I have been using the democratic leadership style, which has helped me to come close to my employees and to know them better†5 Surely, this would help the employee to enjoy their stay at this company better. Another type of motivation strategy they he applies are giving the employees fringe benefits. These fringe benefits could be discounts on the company’s products, other non-monetary rewards such as small free products that are promoted by other companies for their sales, etc. â€Å"Pay is not the only way to motivate the employees. One of the main ways in order to motivate the employees is just by praising them or by recognizing them for a job well done.†6 This can make any employee feel better. Moreover, he has given his employees a job security by giving them permanent contracts. This means that employees know that they have a secured job. This is very important because short term contracts dominate the employment market on the Canary Isles as the local newspaper says â€Å"Contratos a corto plazo es la causa de desempleo en nuestras islas.†7 Mr. Jose Ignacio believes in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This hierarchy tells us that employees don’t get satisfied neither by the basic needs of food and shelter nor by the security needs. They need to reach to their full potential, which is the self-actualisation. To do this one should delegate more responsibilities to their managers. This makes the managers feel that they are a part of the company and the company needs them. They will also feel that Mr. Jose Ignacio believes in them. This good belief in each other could help to build a strong relationship between the staff at the company. In conclusion, I think that the key factors behind the company’s success have been the tourism in the island of Gran Canaria as well as the motivation strategies applied by Mr. Jose Ignacio. However, I think that the motivation factor dominates more than the tourism factor. This has been very noticeable after Mr. Jose Ignacio applied the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.    1 Taken from the company’s balance sheets. 2 Taken from articles of the magazine – â€Å"Newsweek†. 3 Made from the comparisons of the company’s annual balance sheets. 4 Reports from the business analysts on the island. 5 Taken from the interview with Mr. Jose Ignacio. 6 Taken from the interview with Mr. Jose Ignacio. 7 From an article in the local newspaper, â€Å"La Provincia†.

Current Issues In Management And Education Education Essay

Nelson Mandela famously quoted ; Education is the most powerful weapon you can utilize to alter the universe Walsh, 1996. Mandela meant instruction in a wide sense ; its non thought to be gained entirely from reading or sitting in schoolrooms and can non be half-heartedly undertaken. Basically, it ‘s associated with life and development, determining the hereafter to bring forth a righteous, democratic society ( Walsh, 1996 ) . This assignment aims to research the development of university instruction and foreground how current economic and political climes have affected the higher instruction experience. John Stuart Mill, a philosopher dating back to the 1800s, suggested that higher instruction was to be provided as a ‘public good ‘ to profit the whole community with societal facets being undeniably of greater importance than a high winging calling ( Phippen, 2012 ) . Gratuitous to state, the educational system has drastically changed in modern society. Today there is an outlook that immature people will derive a grade, whereas in the past grades were n't as to a great extent sought after. Changes within the non-market facet of society viz. , societal, political and legal factors, such as technological progresss and alteration in authorities, are a conducive factor to the educational system alterations ( Phippen, 2012 ) . Liberalism is thought to be replacing public good with the construct of ‘individual duty ‘ which has been argued in pattern to supply superior cumulative public good ( Phippen, 2012 ) . Liberalism was chiefly identified through the Hagiographas of Adam Smith ( 1776 ) which eradicated authorities engagement in economic affairs and hence promoted ‘free trade ‘ ( Martinez and Garcia, n.d. ) . The policy of free trade induces the argument as to whether the populace and authorities should lend to the support of universities if the result is entirely personal addition for the pupil in footings of possible greater occupation chances, with the public non having the return on investing they expect ( Phippen, 2012 ) . Neoliberalism, ‘New Liberalism ‘ , has been revived over the last 25 old ages with the rapid globalisation of the capitalist economic system, switching control from the populace sector to the private sector with strong support from administrations such as the IMF and World Bank ( Martinez and Garcia, n.d. ) . Neoliberalism policies can be clearly observed in today ‘s society with marks that the affluent grow wealthier and the hapless grow progressively poorer, foregrounding morality issues such as equality ( Martinez and Garcia, n.d. ) ( Phippen, 2012 ) . With the present addition in university fees in England there is a strong possibility that, in the hereafter, merely those coming from affluent backgrounds will be able to afford higher instruction. The ‘University ‘ stigma has changed quickly and is continually developing in footings of organizational construction, nucleus rules and aims ( Scott, 2012 ) . Increasingly, universities are get downing to see themselves as corporate administrations with corporate values ; promoting systematic direction attacks ( Scott, 2012 ) . This alteration in bottom line construction could better establishment ‘s fundss and operations, supplying a â€Å" stronger focal point on high quality instruction † ( David Willets cited by Coughlan, 2010 ) . On the other manus, due to increasing answerability force per unit areas and the tenseness between intrinsic liberty and the changed nature of modern university, ‘critical question ‘ and ‘academic freedom ‘ could be removed from the modern educational construction ( Scott, 2012 ) . Higher instruction is progressively going one of the most extremely debated subjects within today ‘s alliance authorities ( Key Note, 2011 ) . Policies late implemented have cut educational grants for farther survey establishments in England in an effort to help economic recovery ( Key Note, 2011 ) . This abjuration of support has placed the ?9000 a twelvemonth fiscal load entirely on the pupil, enabling universities to replace a big portion of lost province support ( Coughlan, 2010 ) . He reports that in bend, pupils will progressively demand to be treated as valued clients in footings of the quality they receive. There is great national and so international involvement in the quickly altering educational construction due to the increasing figure of pupils from abroad seeking instruction in England ( Key note, 2011 ) . Controversially, the Welsh authorities has absorbed these fee additions for Welsh pupils prolonging the mix of public and private support ( BBC News, 2011 ) and in an utmost contrast, Scottish and EU pupils presently have no fees to pay at all if staying in their several state ( BBC News, 2012 ) . International pupils analyzing in the UK and other foreign establishments have an influential presence in the higher instruction system both financially and economically ( Richards, 2012 ) . With progressively more UK alumnuss seeking employment abroad, competition to pull the biggest encephalons has become an built-in portion of university selling ( Richards, 2012 ) . Mazzarol and Soutar ( 2002 ) claim that international pupils are confronting what ‘s been suggested as a push pull theoretical account. They say that through cultural attitudes in India and Asia, instruction is seen to be a manner of raising economic and societal position which is thought to ‘push ‘ pupils to analyze abroad in more educationally accessible states. The pull factor comes from planetary competition between host states and more narrowly institutional competition in footings of their selling attack to pull foreign pupils ( Mazzarol and Soutar, 2002 ) . With the UK being seen as a diverse, tolerant society and international pupils wanting more cognition of western civilizations, authorities engagement is indispensable to guarantee that educational quality is maintained ( Kelly, 2011 ) . Million+ ( 2013 ) province that international pupils contribute ?4.2bn to the UK economic system each twelvemonth ; loss of this gross could hold damaging effects on society. Frequently throughout instruction, pupils are told that deriving a grade will take to a good occupation ( Mckay, 2012 ) . The Mail online ( 2011 ) has stated that progressively universities are implementing ‘Mickey Mouse ‘ grades which do non hold significant bearing in the alliance market. Staffordshire University has been reported to offer David Beckham surveies taking to arguments proposing that the deficiency of social part of such classs, including cinematics, picture taking and media surveies, should non be aided by authorities support and public revenue enhancement ( Mail Online, 2011 ) . The statement advocates that an apprenticeship which enhances practical accomplishments would be of greater benefit. To advance economic recovery, today ‘s alliance authorities seek to supply 400,000 apprenticeship occupations by 2014-15, an addition from 2011 ‘s 279,900 chances ( Mail Online, 2011 ) . The justification of this alternate option has been highlighted thr ough ‘real-life ‘ success illustrations such as Richard Branson, who acquired merely one O-Level ( Mail Online, 2011 ) . With university operations and the support of higher instruction being at the head of media and political attending late, inquiries are raised sing whether the addition in fees match possible additions in order to do university a worthwhile investing. Alumnuss are happening it progressively hard to acquire onto the 'employment ladder ‘ and figures show that more than half of new university pupils will still be paying off debts into their 50 ‘s ( The Telegraph, 2012 ) . Interestingly, HEPI ( Higher Education Policy Institute ) have forecasted that the current ?9000 fees are non sustainable and will finally coerce the higher instruction system to go a polarised sector ( Sellgren, 2011 ) . The article forecasts that entire pupil figures will diminish by at least 8 % each twelvemonth, with Million + ( 2013 ) describing the unwanted deductions of this lessening on the British economic system. The exchequer additions ?94k per alumnus and moreover alumnuss can theoretically command higher rewards which would increase revenue enhancement gross to the treasury, making long term social benefits ( Million + , 2013 ) . Groves ( 2012 ) stated that the National Union of Students has attributed the proliferation of increasing pupil self-destructions to fiscal force per unit areas. Since the start of the recession in 2007, Male self-destructions have increased by 36 % and females about double ( Groves, 2012 ) . This has led to a great demand for an addition in the support of pupils and so alumnuss seeking for occupations ( Groves, 2012 ) . Academic force per unit areas and declining occupation chances are besides thought to be a conducive factor and a recent BMJ survey connected lower employment degrees to higher self-destruction rates ( Groves, 2012 ) . But hope could be on the skyline. BBC News ( 2012 ) have announced that unemployment rates have decreased by 49,000 from September to November 2012 with the ONS claiming that the bulk of this was due to the diminution in ‘youth ‘ unemployment which could be the start of positive chances for alumnuss. This mark of possible economic recovery could be disputed as the lessening has been attributed to more people accepting portion clip work, with record Numberss making so as they are unable to happen full clip work ( BBC News, 2012 ) . Increasingly more and more alumnuss are seeking employment in a more favorable environment overseas ( Daily Mail, 2011 ) . Some say that the UK are neglecting its alumnuss in the sense of keeping after it emerged that about two tierces were unable to happen degree degree employment upon graduating ( Daily Mail, 2011 ) . This thrust in alumnuss prosecuting calling aspirations overseas could foster increase Britain ‘s economic jobs ( Daily Mail, 2011 ) . With limited Numberss of chances within the current economic system employers are get downing to look for more than merely a grade ( Daily Mail, 2011 ) . Experience within the concern universe is going a necessity for employers, taking to the development of unpaid internships ( Page, 2012 ) . Unpaid internships, a cost film editing mechanism for administrations, cut down the figure of paid occupations available to alumnuss. In footings of employment moralss this has become a really diverse topic. Implementing a prohibition on thi s legitimate unethical act is highly hard with pupils ‘ progressively needing experience to derive a bridgehead onto the calling ladder ( Page, 2013 ) . An statement being, people who do non go to university and travel directly into work have at least 3 old ages more experience in the working universe than a alumnus which could do them more favorable in society ( Mckay, 2012 ) . Stating this, there are besides many positives associated with set abouting farther instruction which have been overlooked late as focal point has been on fees instead than advancing value. Higher instruction should be measured utilizing other dimensions than chiefly interlingual rendition into net incomes for illustration, occupation satisfaction and public good. A individual who has n't achieved a degree degree making could be running a successful concern but may non see the same degree of occupation satisfaction as person gaining less, with a grade and debts such as a Nurse whose function in society is critical and displays the prototype of ‘public good ‘ . Iqbal ( 2013 ) suggests intrinsic values and intangible benefits must be taken into consideration as accomplishments developing may non be the most significant component of higher instruction. Developing as a individual and deriving movable accomplishments such as a wide head set could see the alumnus going more wel l-thought-of in society through cognition of independency and adulthood ( Iqbal, 2013 ) . Parraudin ( 2011 ) claims that it is a shame that university has become a trade good and focal point has been on cost when for most, the experience as a whole is an embracing life chance. It enables the pupil to gain aspirations, develop the degree of adulthood needed to boom in the workplace and could set the alumnus in an enhanced place to a non-graduate when sing social benefit ( Parraudin, 2011 ) . Another statement in favor of alumnuss come ining the workplace is the increased demand and aspiration to be a portion of a socially responsible corporation which has today go a precedence for administrations ( Rao and Raj, 2011 ) . Graduates choosing to take an employer based on their socially responsible behavior can merely be seen to hold a positive impact on both the concern environment in footings of moralss and so in the planetary economic system itself. Corporate Social Responsibility is critical for corporate citizenship to turn to affairs such as utilitarianism, liberty and rights ( Phippen, 2012 ) . Non-Conformists to ethical imposts, for illustration, the revenue enhancement argument environing Starbucks, Google and Amazon has led to the reception of a batch of negative media attending. Milton Friedman, market economic expert, stated that carry oning corporate duty can so let a concern to â€Å" do as much money as possible while conforming to the basic regulations of soc iety, .. both law.. and ethical usage † ( Halbert and Ingulli, 2012 ) . The force per unit areas implemented by alumnuss for administrations to conform will progressively help sustainable development in the hereafter ( Rao and Raj, 2011 ) . In footings of society part within direction and concern development, alumnuss and the younger coevals progressively have the border claim NYDA ( 2013 ) . This is positively highlighted in the patterned advance of the cyberspace civilization which is germinating at an exponential rate with the younger coevals accommodating and encompassing technological promotions at a much greater velocity than that of their seniors ( Nickson, 2013 ) . With more concerns turning to this medium non merely to pass on with clients but besides to run day-to-day operations and better internal efficiency, the alumnuss ‘ ability to come on aboard technological promotion with easiness should n't be overlooked. Coevalss are progressively going separated through the technological ‘generation spread ‘ ( Fariwu, 2010 ) , stressing the necessity for the alumnus in future economic growing and in supplying corporations with a much needed sustainable competitory advantage. This assignment has been greatly good in finding my single beliefs on higher instruction and has clarified what I believe is mine and other alumnuss ‘ societal place. A direction instruction does non restrict future calling possibilities in comparing to a vocational grade. This could be seen as good due to geting a wide cognition of the concern industry as a whole, an ideal property for concerns today as all sections need to be cohesive to make a sustainable hereafter. As Napoleon Hill ( 2007 ) one time proclaimed, the â€Å" starting point of accomplishment is desire † . To be successful in concern and direction the campaigner needs to be adaptable to alter, which is obviously seeable above through the younger coevalss conformity towards technological promotions. These are traits that are developed throughout childhood and are so enhanced through a university instruction. Gratuitous to state, some of the most successful business communities and adult females have non obtained a university grade which suggests that direction and associated callings do non entirely get down in university but natural traits of leading can besides predominate. I have assurance in aerating my beliefs that A-level pupils should hold all available calling options reinforced in an impartial manner. Through my ain educational development, the merely ‘successful ‘ option highlighted to me was farther instruction. Other options such as college, apprenticeships and working your manner up a company were suggested in a blase manor with the negatives 2nd to none outweighing any positives. Questions have been raised by myself and others associating to the issue of whether 17 is excessively immature to make up one's mind upon a future calling. Personally, I was diffident what I wanted and after set abouting legion work experiences, and non happening my niche I was stuck in a rut. Finally I gained a corporate work experience arrangement at Brains Beer brewery which showed me that a wide sector grade such as concern would non contract future chances, enabling more clip to make up one's mind upon my calling aspirations. Another sentiment I put to you is that possibly after secondary instruction all pupils should take a spread twelvemonth. I feel it would coerce immature grownups to farther mature and whether they work or travel it could give them a better word picture of what they want to carry through. I besides feel a interruption from instruction and tests could be of utmost value as I experienced last twelvemonth during my placement occupation. The interruption has reignited my motive to analyze antecedently I had undertaken tests for 7 back-to-back old ages. From talking to others sing the capable affair, a subject has emerged where the bulk are against the fee addition with a peculiar statement that stood out of why should we back up a authorities who wo n't back up the young person of today? The function of university is thought to make â€Å" capable and cultivated human existences † ( . It aims to develop assurance, supply cognition and a skilled work force. University is thought to be an investing, in footings of long term fiscal addition and so societal addition. Today I feel university is really much about personal addition instead than what the pupil can convey to society. I accept there is, in a manner, a valid statement for public and authorities support non to be maintained if every bit forecasted, it will so assist assistance economic recovery. Stating this, surveies have been released claiming it wo n't in fact assistance recovery as fewer pupils, a bead of 30,000, will really be the UK ?6.6bn ( Coughlan, 2013 ) . Initially when make up one's minding to ship on a university instruction, my ultimate purpose was to heighten calling chances, but the experience as a whole has provided much more than expected. My confidence has grown enormously and the differences I can are personally are extended. Meeting dissimilar people and socializing with different civilizations has provided a societal benefit I did non anticipate. Other unexpected values that have been enhanced are ; independency, life accomplishments, apprehension of the professionalism, the ability to work expeditiously in groups and get the better ofing issues which can all be usefully applied to the existent universe. I agree that experience is an of import necessity that should be incorporated into farther instruction. Not merely are employers progressively looking for more than merely a making, it can be of extreme benefit to the pupil every bit good. It gave me the assurance to cognize that I can boom in a concern environment and allowed me to set the learnt theory into pattern. The twelvemonth in industry provides a pupil with the realization of concern highs and depressions and provides a more soft passage into the on the job universe. From grounds antecedently highlighted, I am now ashamed to state that I succumbed to the force per unit areas of deriving work experience and embarked on a twelvemonth long unpaid internship as portion of my 4 twelvemonth grade class. I found my ideal occupation, ‘Marketing and Communications Assistant ‘ for Cardiff Blues Rugby squad, with one ruin: it was unpaid. Through deliberation of the options available to me and sing the attempt I had put into seeking an undergraduate arrangement, it was an chance I did non desire to turn down. I felt a twelvemonth working, unpaid, in an industry of involvement could be of long term benefit. It did non happen to me that through Cardiff Blues offering unpaid internships, it in fact reduces the figure of available paid alumnus chances. I gained a batch from the under-graduate arrangement. I worked a lower limit of 40 hours a hebdomad and when there was a rugby lucifer this rose to 45-50 hours a hebdomad. Fortunately I had some fundss behind me as a support system but it was n't plenty for me to populate on so I undertook another occupation working in meetings and events for a corporate hotel concatenation. This proved to be tough as many yearss I would work 17 hours with the record being 90 hours ‘ in one hebdomad! This showed me how tough the on the job universe can be but furthered my cognition on how different industries operate. I hope it was a forfeit that will be good in the long tally. I believe this chance puts me in a strong place as a alumnus when looking for work due to the experience received every bit good as demoing versatility. I besides ran the 2012 London Marathon and raised ?2500 for Children with Cancer which was a great accomplishment and shows dedication as I was working up to 80 hours a hebdomad every bit good as preparation and fundraising for this. Charity work will so play in my favor as part to society when seeking alumnus employment. Once my arrangement occupation had drawn to an terminal ( and after months of salvaging every penny ) I went going for three months before returning to university to finish my concluding twelvemonth. The experience was unforgettable and so larning about other civilizations opened my head further to future possibilities. Traveling, in my sentiment, is the most independent thing one can make, larning so much about yourself and the duty can undeniably develop your character. Reflecting upon the recent fee additions and looking at personal fundss, as a Welsh pupil a much more financially stable option for me would hold been to remain in Wales to go on my surveies due to the support I would hold received from the Welsh authorities. At the clip I was inexorable that I wanted to travel from Wales as the ‘grass is ever greener ‘ but have since realised this is non the instance. For pupils now contemplating university, I think Cambrian pupils and so Scots pupils should stay analyzing in their several states if possible. Upon graduation my aspirations are to derive employment back in Wales. Since traveling, a long term aspiration will be to hopefully migrate to New Zealand where I can develop my direction accomplishments in a differing civilization and possibly even get down up my ain concern if fundss become accessible. Without the higher instruction experience I do n't believe that I would of all time hold acquired the bravery or self-belief to do such a drastic move but university has provided me with this independency. A survey in the South Wales Echo ( 2013 ) revealed that alumnuss will hold a much more hard clip happening employment in Wales than anyplace else in the UK. They reported that merely 42 % of major Welsh employers offer entry degree vacancies, when comparing that to 84 % in London it puts a instead black mentality onto the likeliness of deriving employment in Wales. Especially for me now, happening a occupation will be of great concern. I feel a 4 twelvemonth class has been long and financially I am presently in a worse place than many of my friends who did non take farther instruction. I am dawdling buttocks socially as many of them now have their ain place with their spouses, a full clip occupation and are get downing to settle down and hold a household. I hope that by the terminal of my journey this quotation mark below will be one of truth ; â€Å" I ‘m non stating you it ‘s traveling to be easy, I ‘m stating you it ‘s traveling to be deserving it † ( Goodreads, 2013 ) In decision, there have been statements both for and against the higher instruction experience. On one manus, information sing the proliferation of pupil self-destructions have highlighted that doubtless fiscal force per unit areas are impacting pupils. The media late have focused on the negative impact of the increased higher educational fees which are obviously doing people to see alternate options, a move which could potentially be the economic system one million millions alternatively of aid economic recovery. In footings of feasibleness, it would look necessary for people to ship on higher instruction for vocational classs such as medical specialty and jurisprudence. Losing this expertness could badly impact Britain ‘s economic and political place. What has emerged is the subject that ‘mickey mouse ‘ classs such as those antecedently mentioned, may non in world be financially good in footings of calling additions and social part. Unpaid occupations are doing it progressively hard for alumnuss to derive a bridgehead onto the calling ladder. This pushes graduates overseas, whereas Britain should concentrate on maintaining its endowment for economic stableness. Alumnuss should n't be overlooked in the concern universe as the hereafter of Britain. Through stronger sustainability beliefs and fast acceptance to technological progresss alumnuss have the potency to maintain Britain in a planetary competitory place. Other values derived from the higher instruction experience have a greater impact on a individual that can non hold a pecuniary value placed on it but statistically alumnuss have an mean potency of gaining up to 27 % more than a individual geting merely A-levels ( Million + , 2013 ) . Overall, even with the economic downswing and the weighing up of both sides of the statement I feel that a university instruction is a good investing for both the participant and so the economic system. For the UK economic system to retrieve support demands to be given to pupils as the alumnus has the potency of increased net incomes and in bend society will have high gross in footings of revenue enhancement.