Aging with Grace

The Research Process The book â€Å"Aging with Grace† by David Snowdon regards a study based on the religious lifestyles of nuns in Good Counsel Hill convent. The research study or rather the nun study seeks to provide insight on leading healthier, longer, and more meaningful lives. The book describes the process and context of setting up and conducting a scientific study involving human subjects.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Aging with Grace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It offers a description of the scientist’s previous studies in epidemiology, which are different from the nun study experience. In the latter study, the study evolved over time with essential input from the nuns as â€Å"a way to continue helping and educating others† (Snowdon, 2001, p. 256). Essentially, the nun study maps the research study as a process limited in scope at the beginning, which later evolves to a more detailed study. The book raises several important issues on how a research study involving closed communities should proceed. Initially, the researcher had a limited understanding of the religious order of the nuns or the history of Notre Dames, his intended study subjects. He, however, gathered preliminary information before embarking on the study. The first step in research is gaining the approval of relevant authorities after proposing the study idea. In the research, identification of the research idea followed by preliminary investigation or background search is core to a later detailed research (Holliday, 2007, p. 141). Later, the nun study gains the approval of Sister Carmen, after agreeing to treat the subjects with â€Å"respect and care† (Snowdon, 2001, p. 257). In longitudinal studies involving closed communities, positive relationships between the researcher and the researcher are fundamental and have an impact on the findings. The researcher had to visit the Goo d Counsel Hill convent to understand the connection between the nun’s religious lifestyles and their longer and healthier living. This shows the importance of interaction between the researcher and the subjects in qualitative research design. Aspects of the Investigator’s Experience In research, particularly in epidemiological studies, the participants are many. As a result, relationships between the researcher and the participants are hard to establish, which is vital in maintaining scientific objectivity.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, in the nun study, the researcher was able to establish relationships with the participants. This, to me, is important particularly in studies involving qualitative data. The participants are able to reveal essential information based on these relationships. In gaining the approval of Sister Carmen, the researcher expla ined the significance of his research and the contribution of previous nun studies to medicine. Personally, I would like to have an opportunity to discuss my research idea with the authorities and professionals. In this way, I would gain expert advice that has potential implications on the research process and findings. The researcher in the nun study did a background search including consulting a Notre Dame, Nora Keenan. To me, literature review is essential in refining the statement problem and in refining the objectives of the study. It also provides information to support the need for the study. The researcher was passionate about his investigation. He had an earlier relevant experience when he used keep poultry. In fact, his passion for epidemiology stems from his experience with chicken and poultry diseases. Additionally, in the nun study, he was able to visit his study subjects, the nuns, at the convent. I would like to have a direct contact or interviews with the participant s in my research as opposed to using questionnaires to collect data. Reference List Holliday, A. (2007). Doing and Writing Qualitative Research. London: Sage Publications. Snowdon, D. (2001). Aging with Grace: What the Nun Study Teaches Us About  Leading Longer, Healthier and More Meaningful Lives. New York: Bantam Press. p. 256-257Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Aging with Grace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Aging with Grace was written and submitted by user Hailee Livingston to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Critically evaluate the extent to which an organisation’s structure and culture may determine its ability to transform itself The WritePass Journal

Critically evaluate the extent to which an organisation’s structure and culture may determine its ability to transform itself ABSTRACT Critically evaluate the extent to which an organisation’s structure and culture may determine its ability to transform itself ). Organisational structure, on the other hand, is defined as the hierarchy of authority, communication and responsibility within an organisation (Daft Murphy, 2010). From these definitions, it is evident that these two organisational aspects have an influence on the implementation of organisational transformation. This report will critically evaluate the extent to which organisational culture and structure can affect the ability of organisations to transform themselves. 2.Theories of Organisational Change Insights about organisational change can be better developed by understanding the theories that govern these changes. There are six main models of organisational change. These are dialectical, life cycle, evolutionary, social cognition teleological and cultural theories (Kezar, 2001). The evolutionary theory is based on the assumption that transformations in organisations take place in response to external situations, or other circumstantial variables that are faced by all organisations. The teleological model, also referred to as the planned change model, assumes that organisational transformation takes place when stakeholders see the need for change (Bouckenooghe, 2010). This model’s linear nature is comparable to that of evolutionary theory, but managers are more involved in the teleological model. The life cycle model conceptualises change as a developmental process of an organisation over time. The dialectical theory visualizes organisational change as a process that occu rs because of differences in ideologies and beliefs of people within the organisation. The social cognition model assumes that change is connected to learning and changing of behaviours among people in the organisation (Burnes, 1996). The cultural approach to organisational change assumes that change takes place in a natural way to respond to the cultural transformations that are always taking place. Understanding these theories aids in the assessment of change in the macro-levels of organizations. They give reasons as to why, when, how and what changes are bound to occur in organizations (Dawson, 2003). Furthermore, every model that has been explained above stands for a unique ideology that relates with its assumptions about different aspects of the organization. Some of these aspects include the ease of implementing change in the organization. In literature and practice, it has been established that the teleological and evolutionary models are the most prevalent (Kezar, 2001). The teleological model is synonymous with planned change while the evolutionary model is synonymous with incremental change. These types of change have been explained below. 3.Types of Organisational Change There are three types of organisational change, planned, emergent and incremental (Myers et al., 2012, p.58). Planned organisational change is constructed on the assumption that an organisation operates in an environment that is stable. Thus, transformations are pre-meditated and executed systematically. Emergent change is a continuous open-ended process that is characterised by unpredictability and an emphasis on the bottom-up approach to management. Incremental transformation tries to synchronize the performance of an organisation with the situations that characterise its external environment (Daft Murphy, 2010). 4.Effects of Organisational Culture on its Ability to Transform Organisational culture, as aforementioned, is made up of values and beliefs which shape the behaviours and norms within an organisation. Thus, it has an influence on the way organisational processes take place. One attribute of organisational culture that can be used to gauge the extent of its impact on the ability of an organisation to change is its capacity for risk taking (Kezar, 2001; Curran, 2005). According to Curran (2005), research has suggested that risk cultures facilitate adaptability and innovativeness in organisations. When changes take place within an organisation, there is always an element of risk and uncertainty that accompanies it. Organisations that have cultivated a culture of risk enable their managers and employees to comfortably make choices different to those which they might otherwise have made, without being afraid that their choices fail. The social cognition model of organisational change also stresses   the need for organisations to create a culture tha t supports risk, allowing change in organisational processes without fear of failure. According to Kezar (2001), organisations that are characterised by risky and flexible cultures have the ability to make quick responses to sudden issues and crises. In addition to this, they are able to successfully adapt their business techniques to new trends, regardless of the outcome.   A culture that can be described as dynamic and flexible is the ‘adhocratic’ culture. This is exemplified by companies like Google, whose abilities to develop new services to capture markets have made them leaders in their industry. This is a typical display of the evolutionary model of organisational change (Curran, 2005). There are also other aspects and types of organisational culture which slow down transformation. Transformation does not take place until it is planned (Ford et al., 2008). Cultures that fit this description are those that are stable, orderly and are in control. These types of organisational culture tend to be predictable and mechanistic. They tend to believe that   it is better to stick to the known than embrace the unknown. The advantage of these cultures is that they are consistent and sustainable, and offer higher levels of job security. However this type of culture can limit the organisation’s ability to transform. Such cultures do not encourage innovativeness and creativity amongst employees,   and are slow to respond to changes in the environment. This type of organisation tends to be well- established, having been in operation for a long time. 5.Effects of Organisational Structures on its Ability to Transform Like organisational culture, the effects that organisational structures have on   change are varied. Some structures that support change, others do not. Organisational structures can be defined in several ways, for example the formalization, departmentalization and centralization frameworks, or in terms of the hierarchy levels within the structure (Covin Slevin, 1982). All these frameworks have aspects that facilitate organisational change and other aspects which suppress or limit the change. The centralisation framework suggests that centralized organisational structures are characterized by decisions being made at higher levels of the hierarchy. On the other hand, decisions in decentralized structures are made by people who are closest to the issues at hand (Carpenter et al., 2010). Of the two, the decentralized structure is likely to be more suitable for facilitating change. Formalization in organisational structures refers to the extent to which explicit articulation of rules, procedures and responsibilities exist within an organisation. Organisational structures with high levels of formalization have more written rules and regulations than those with lower levels. Because of this, innovativeness and creativity reduce as formalisation increases within the organisation (Juillerat, 2010). Thus, since innovation and creativity are synonymous with organisational transformation, lower levels of formality increase the transformation capability of organisations. The departmentalisation framework is divided into functional and divisional structures. Functional structures have departments based on responsibilities to be carried out., for example the marketing department. On the other hand, a divisional structure creates departments based on unique products in the organisation. Within each department is a replication of functional departments (Carpenter et al., 2010). Divisional structures facilitate organisational change more than functional structures, because they have increased innovation and creativity and reduced response time. Structures that are divided into many hierarchies between top and bottom (tall structures) slow down the decision making process within the organisation. On the other hand, organisations that have flat structures, with fewer hierarchies, have more equality between employees (Carpenter et al., 2010). Therefore, there is more flexibility, innovation and facilitation of change. As shown in all the frameworks above, organisational structures that delegate decision making to the larger employee body as opposed to concentrating it amongst a few managers at the top increase the ability of organisations to transform. 6.Conclusion This paper has highlighted the necessity of embracing change in the contemporary business world. It has also examined   models and theories that define organisational change. Organisational structures and cultures are vital components of any organisation and are considered to play a large role in determining the ability of organisations to transform. More stable, orderly and controlling organisational cultures tend to inhibit organisational transformation. On the other hand, cultures that are flexible and dynamic increase the capability of organisations to transform. With reference to organisational structures, those that delegate decision-making to employees are better suited for transformation than those that give a few managers the responsibility for decision making. Bibliography Alvesson, M., 2012. Understanding Organisational Culture. London: SAGE Publications. Bouckenooghe, D., 2010. Positioning Change Recipients’ Attitudes Toward Change in the Organisational Change Literature. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 46(4), pp.500-31. Burnes, B., 1996. Managing change: A strategic approach to organisational dynamics. London: Pitman. Carpenter, M., Bauer, T. Erdogan, B., 2010. Principles of Management. Flat World Knowledge. Covin, J.G. Slevin, D.P., 1982. The inï ¬â€šuence of organisational structure. Journal of Management Studies, 25, pp.217-34. Curran, C.J., 2005. Organisational Culture. Journal for Nonprofit Management: The Path to Better Organisations, pp.28-40. Daft, R.L., 2001. Organisation Theory and Design. Cincinnati: South-Western College Publishers. Daft, R.L. Murphy, J., 2010. Organisation: Theory and Design. Mason: Cengage Learning. Dawson, P., 2003. Understanding Organisational Change: The Contemporary Experience of People at Work. London: Sage. Ford, J.D., Ford, L.W. D’Amelio, A., 2008. Resistance to change: The rest of the Story. Academy of Management Review, 33, pp.362-77. Juillerat, T.L., 2010. Friends, not foes?: Work design and formalization in the modern work context. Journal of Organisational Behavior, 31(2-3), pp.216-39. Kezar, A.J., 2001. Understanding and Facilitating Organisational Change in the 21st Century. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, 28(4), pp.1-144. Myers, P., Hulks, S. Wiggins, L., 2012. Organisational Change: Perspectives on Theory and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Economics of carbon cap and trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics of carbon cap and trade - Essay Example al Protection Agency (EPA) is charged with responsibility of providing the federal and the central government with adequate information on the level of emissions as well as the greatest contributors towards such emissions. Some of the enactments include carbon tax, emission standards, fuel economy standard as well as carbon cap and trade (Ramseur, 205). Carbon cap and trade refers to a system of emission control that uses financial incentives with an aim of encouraging firms and organizations to minimize the level of carbon dioxide that they emit to the atmosphere. A major regulatory body such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets a general limit or a cap of carbon dioxide emissions in a particular year then assigns the figure to the major polluters based on the level that they are likely to emit. The firms that wish to emit more than their cap allows will be forced to buy permits from those firms that are currently emitting less than they are allowed to emit into the atmosphere. The permits are either bought directly from the companies or are bought and sold through electronic exchanges. This program has proved successful in the European Union countries resulting in huge revenues being raised by those governments thus boosting their economies as well as regulating the amount of carbon emissions. However in the United States, only few states have been able to implement it and the main concern being raised currently is whether the central government can adopt and implement it in the entire nation. The regulation has brought about sharp criticism from some members of the political class even as some seem to be in support of it. There are several implications that must be considered carefully before the program is established and therefore this research aims at considering the economic implications of the project. Economic conditions entail the manner by which implementation of carbon cap and trade policy will affect the economy in

Operation analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operation analysis - Essay Example Thus, the proponent emphasises the two chosen measures of operational performance for McDonald’s by explaining their importance and their capacity to help manage McDonald’s operation effectively. Company Background The company is an international icon as the leading fast food chain restaurant operating in an international coverage. Thus, it is important to learn a little background about this company as far as global foodservice retailing and performance evaluation measures are concerned. There were 22 million people worldwide served by McDonald’s in 1994 (Lyon et al., 1994). This figure rose more than twice which correspondingly one of the most important bases why McDonald’s declares to be the leading global foodservice retailer (McDonald’s, 2011). McDonald’s does not only cater to the needs of the consumers, as well as its franchisers. The reason why McDonald’s continues to flaunt its achievements is to entice international franchise rs in order to continuously help the brand grow for the better. Today, there are more than 32,000 McDonald’s local restaurants in 117 countries which approximately cater around 60 million people. This alone is enough to entice local business persons to go for foodservice retailing through McDonald’s franchising. At present, 75% of McDonald’s restaurants are globally owned or operated by local business people. Among of the world’s favourites at McDonald’s are its world famous fries, big mac, quarter pounder, chicken mcnuggets, and egg mcmuffin. Ray Kroc, founder of McDonald’s had established a good foundation for the company. He was successful in passing on the vision from generation to generation. This makes McDonald’s one of the best companies that can remarkably give important insights on how a business should function according to the basic business principles and even in areas of complicated situations. McDonald’s without q uestion is good at establishing both its internal and external control. This paves way to probable interrelated relationship between the company’s management control system and its strategies (Kober et al., 2007). In every business, control is important because it paves way to strategic management system (Nilsson and Olve, 2001). It is in this reason that control has become one of the most important options in business operation in order to evaluate existing strategies prior to the achievement of corporate goals. It is in line with this that performance measurement and management control have become strongly related with each other prior to effectively enhancing efficient business operation (Epstein, 2004). Measures of Performance – McDonald’s The main content of this paper includes two general performance measures that can be applied in an organisation. Particularly, the proponent includes financial perspective and customer perspective as two general performanc e measures that can be applied at McDonald’s. These two measures are essential perspectives of the balanced scorecard as a set of performance measures from the company’s strategies in order to support its strategy and generally its operation in the long run (Garrison and Noreen, 2000). Financial Performance Measure In the midst of tough competition most firms are apt to stimulate needs for their service or product offerings (Kotler et al., 1999; Boone and Kurtz, 2006). This is eventually relevant in the case of McDonald’s. The current market trend demands for more healthy foods which eventually tries to ward off consumers from

How would you evaluate the preformance of a bank using piblished Essay

How would you evaluate the preformance of a bank using piblished accounting data . What other data would you use in this evaluation - Essay Example (Srinivasan, 2009). Financial ratio analysis is considered as one of the most important tools that are being used to evaluate the performance of any bank. It is important to note that the financial ratios for a bank are slightly different as compared to the typical ratio analysis for any manufacturing firm. Due to this basic difference, there are some additional ratios that are being computed for evaluating the basic performance of a bank. These ratios include net profit margin, provision for loan losses, loans to assets, capital adequacy etc which are computed in order to provide a deeper insight into the overall financial performance of any bank. This paper will discuss as to how the performance of a bank is evaluated and what are some of the tools including financial ratio analysis which can be used to effectively evaluate the performance of the bank and the type of data required to make such an analysis. Financial Ratio analysis is one of the leading tools that are being used to evaluate the performance of a bank. These are common sets of financial ratios that are used to compute various financial indicators and by making either trend analysis or industry comparison, the overall performance of the bank can be evaluated. These ratios are: Return on assets is computed by dividing the net income earned by the Bank with its total assets. This is an important ratio because it informs us about the overall efficiency of the bank’s assets i.e. how the total assets of the bank are used by the management in producing the desired results for its shareholders. Return on assets is also considered important ratio because it can be a better judge of the overall efficiency of the bank’s management i.e. if return on assets is low it can indicate that the overall management efficiency in utilizing the assets of the firm is not entirely up to the satisfaction and management shall improve its practices and internal

Stereotyping and prejudice in the workplace

Stereotyping and prejudice in the workplace The whole world urbanized day to day because of globalization. Every person can go one state to another simply moreover the reason of work, or study. While a person from one different environment or nation work together with another people from a different surroundings, that time they both takes their own social status, culture, nature, believes with them, which are dissimilarity between each other (Google question) As a result, discrimination arises within a people in their working place because every people have different attitude towards the person which may be positive or may be negative. The purpose of this assignment is to discover the problem arise in male dominating workplace which especially faced by women and also analyse the issues and build recommendation for taking action by company as well as provide better solution. This briefing paper focuses the case study of Ms. Rosina Chamar, employee of Dynamic Power Supply International Pvt. Ltd. The business of this company conn ected to not only in Nepal also running in European countries too. After overview the situation of case, SWOT and PEST analysis has been discussed to solve the problem. At last of the paper, outcomes plus forecasts has been granted for better suggestion. In this briefing paper, to make clear the difficulties on workplace, Hofstede Cultural Theory and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis could support a lot to overcome the problems or to meet the best results. Also external factors PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technical) helps to analyse the Situation and find suitable result. Terms of Reference There are many people around the world, who think they are more powerful and superior than other people. This is not result of todays condition because this happened from the beginning when there were kings and servant, where the very strong people were respected and worshipped while the weak ones were became servant ( Lisa Gayagay, 2009:1). The aim of the assignment is based on the problems which face by the person especially women who are working in place in a male dominating country like Nepal. At first, we all must have to know that stereotypes absorb generations regarding the typical features of the people. Same as prejudice is a manner of the people which can be positive or negative that they show without knowing of the fact. In the case of the sex stereotyping which occurs when persons are judged according to traditional typecast based on gender. Either developed countries or undeveloped counties people have to deal with these types of problems (Prejudice, chapter: 5). Who I am: I am a senior counsellor Kritika Gautam. I am working in BK Legal Advice Consultant Pvt. Ltd since 2005. During my working period I have got many knowledge and experience every day. I have got degree from University of Bedfordshire, England in Law and Human Resource Management. So my degree and my working experience help me to get right decision and solve problems. As an advisor, my duty is to take out her in that situation. Its very essential that an advisor have to solve the clients problems. During my experience, I have got chance to learn the different problems faced by people because of cultural dominating, traditional dominating. And badly have to say that women are the main target of those kinds of problems. Who my client is: My client is Ms. Rosina Chamar. She is working as a financial officer in Dynamic Power Supply International Company in Nepal. She is coming to a multinational company to work from rural community. Because of her talent and graduation level educational certificate she got an opportunity to work with a multinational company. In our Hindu culture, women were blessed as Shakti / Devi or power to achieve everything. People were worshipped her vision, sympathy power and even her justice. I have serious difference of opinion with Rosina Chamars issues. After hearing her words once, her words struck me. According to my client, in our society we weather treated women like goddess or servants. There are so many examples which show that women have been demoralized, neglected and exploited since the days of caveman. In her case, the first issue is that she has to struggle to stand in male dominated culture where bad languages and sexist jokes which may be norm of man and she needs to consider th ose types of things. Next point is that a male ego also makes difficult for him to accept a woman from lower cast as his senior even she has the right educational background and credentials (Pushya S, 2009). What helps my client wishes? She has come to me for support because she has faced many problems. My client Ms. Chamar, she wishes to get relieve of these problems. To win a male dominating society, she must have to settle in her company. Thats why after facing many difficulties she still working in that company. Either my client is a well educated woman and has 3 years experience in relevant field but unfortunately she has to face problems in her work. And lastly she has to come to me to get idea and advice to solve the problems. Overview of the situation In the present situation of our country Nepal, the culture and behaviour of people of town is totally different from countryside. Town become a more modernized and practical. Working in an office is more stressed and have to practical knowledge to do. Also people of the town are totally different from their behaviour, language, outlook and attitude. They have given more priority in group assignment but she has a problem to work together with men. Because she is from low cast and medium family background, her colleagues have negative thinking toward her culture and believe and main thing she is woman. Even town is a place of educated people but the behaviour and thinking of their still same like an ancient period. So, this is a vital problem she has to face. My client first should have to be awake all these situations before taking decision that she will do continue the job or not. After understanding her all problems, the main problems she faced everyday in her workplace are like the given below and she has to be prepare to get rid from these trouble. Attitude: The problem of attitude of men about her is very negative because she is middle class women and she always like to be reserve. Thats why may be her workmates thought that she is unfriendly and self-righteous. Wages gap: In every enterprise, women still earning less than their male co-workers. Not only my client, many women around the world had very few rights and also could be sacked from job simply because of their family and social problem like: women had to play a role of mother, housewife. So they have to problem to be a full professional. Thats why even they work hard and active still they get less salary than other equal men. Ms. Chamar also faced same problem of less salary. Cultural difficulty: When a woman comes in different society to do something for her future she has to face many problems and the cultural difficulty is one of them. In village most of the families are not allowing to women to work outside the own society, but while coming in town she has to work with different types of men where they have open thinking, culture and environment. Male dominate: For better organizational future, company must have to use many type of technique to work. And male and female both are part of good decision making. So my client has to come to work in male dominated society where the male consider as a superior as compare to the female. So it is very hard for man to work with the talented and active female staff. She has a good work experience and knowledge but the man who has top position in the society so they have comparatively hard to follow behind the female. Social and family connection: In our Nepalese society women has many social barriers and restricted. She must have to follow social rule and morals. But in city life all have freedom to do anything. And she has problem to accept suddenly this condition in her life because it takes few more time to understand. Harassment: The last and serious problem she faced is harassment either sexual or languages. About the cases of sexual harassment (Farler, 1978), it mentions examples of many groups of working women: young/old, professional/labour, and rich/poor. It is endemic but very critical issue to workplace. In the case of my client her co-workers and senior managers wanted to take sexual relation with her and they always try to behave badly and mislead. So she is always afraid from that situation and tried to keep safe self from them. Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimension: This prejudice problem is not individual problem because the whole society and world faced these types of problems. Not only had women from Nepalese society, all women around the world directly or indirectly beard this problem. Geert Hofstede recommends a theory to understand the cultural differences between peoples, genders and countries (Prentice Hall-Financial tine, 2002). There are five aspects which help to clear the differences between male and female discrimination in workplace and society. 1. Power Distance Index (PDI) 2. Individualism (IDV) 3. Masculinity (MAS) 4. Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) 5. Long Term Orientation (LTO) To illustrate above phases of cultural differences the graph of Asian and European countries show these briefly: Five dimension theories of Professor Geert Hofstede Power Distance Index: PDI demonstrate the imbalanced allocation of power between the people. This is a level towards which the less powerful members of organization have to accept and seniors of company distributed this unequally. In this graph, Asian countries have highest PDI with a ranking of 70% compare to European countries average of 40%.The power distance between Asia and Europe indicate the high of inequality of power and wealth between genders within the society and culture and even in organizations. Individualism: IDV depends on self ego. In above graph, Asian countries have 55% individualism where as European countries have 80%. These huge difference figures indicate that European people were free minded and self dependent than others. Asian people and European people both have different culture, believes, ethnic and behaviour. Women have social boundaries in Asian countries. Masculinity: MAS represents the space between the men`s value and women`s value. In above graph Asian countries have MAS as the lower Hofstede dimension of culture with a ranking of 60% and European average just slightly higher at 70%. It surprisingly shows that not only Asian countries have more mens value because women of European countries also faced this situation. There is not a huge dissimilarity between Asia and Europe. Uncertainty avoidance Index: UAI deals with a people and society towards patience for uncertainty and doubt. It represents that a traditional program its associates to think both comfortable and uncomfortable in open conditions. Where uncertainty is escaping in people of those countries has full of power. In above graph, the uncertainty in Asian countries is 50% and in European countries, it is in 40%. Long Term Orientation: A higher LTO could be indicative of a culture that is economical and perseverant on the other hand the short term orientations are deference for believes, rewarding social commitments. The LTO score of Asian countries is 60% and European is 30%. Thats shows the result is Asian are short orientated and European are long term orientated. Analysis of the situation SWOT Analysis After the overview of the situation, it is better to analysis the case through strength, weakness, opportunity and threats condition of my client. Starting from analysis of internal factors: Strength(S): Positive sense on skills and attitude Work hard in any situation and strong emphasis on decision Power to choose own career path Experience on work and optimistic Weaknesses (W): Lack of patient Weak communication and fearful mind -Too trustworthy and always shy -Soft hearted and never say no to others Other external factors: Opportunity (O): -Power of leading staffs and company -Promotion in very high position -International working -Possibility of being example of successful women in society Threat (T): -Dissimilarities between genders -Traditional mind of people and social cultural barriers -Criticism and prejudice in work -Issues of cast and fear of self identity All above mention points clear that she has a good opportunity to take defence on prejudice but her weaknesses stopped her to face challenges. Lack of power and support affect her. Thats why after analysis her internal and external weak points and possibilities, she has more positive points which help to support in her future success and stand for defence of imbalance condition of workplace. PEST Analysis It is usually used to build the strategies to search external environment. It helps to evaluate the problems created by external surrounding issues. PEST identifies Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors of macro environment. Political area has a huge influence upon the regulation of business, society and countries as well. Government has many policies regarding the case like more information and awareness about harassment, gender gap, wages facilities in workplace. Government reinforce and upgrade the systems for monitoring equality in employment (Eurofound, 2009).So, my client has to clear knowledge about government policies and rules. Economic Factor (E): In present, women are a large part of the employment. They are involving in every kind of work same as men. Either they both work same kind of work or also women do better than men but women get less benefit and wages than men. But today many human rights- national and international agencies and government policies came aware of that situation. They made rights against discrimination and also granted other minorities protection in the workplace. Therefore, she has to talk with her directors about her problem. Social Factor (S): In our Nepalese society, women has treated like second class citizens in work and most those people who are from lower caste. Many people either educated or illiterate have same thinking that the community of Dalit (Lower caste) which is not considered part of human society. Thats why these community members generally perform the most menial and degrading jobs. My client Ms. Chamar, she is also from Dalit community. Stereotyping about this cast is they must handle dead animals and also consume their flesh. So this is very critical for her to faced bad thinking of people about her and her caste. Under the Nepalese constitution act (1990), caste discriminations were made a criminal offence and there are many rules about stereotyping and discrimination. Technological Factor (T): In worldwide, women tend to have less access to education, training opportunities so prejudice and stereotyping still placed in our society. In the case of Ms. Chamar, she has to develop her communication skills more and try to interact with other social literate persons also developed consumers relation. Because of science and technology covers the entire world so she must has to get more information about universal achievement in science, politics, economy and society. Solution and Recommendation After analysis all situation, it could be said that this is not a very big problem to solve. Her internal weaknesses and outside issues, cultural differences in society as well as differences between Asian and European culture, after discussing all these areas I would like to suggest to my client to move towards these recommendation. As an advisor, I came to the solution of her case like these ways: Improve interpersonal skills and power to face challenges. It is better to make a union of co-workers for equality rights at workplace. Planning before taking every action regarding safety and power. Try to avoid behaviour of tolerance everything. Interact with diverse professional contacts which help to learning about different culture in company. Try to know about office policies to determine how to handle harassment. Ensure that the area which create around you help to keep safe in workplace. Never tackle the harasser. If they threaten and you fear for safety, go directly to management and directors. Expand your sensitivity and keep an open mind to diversities. Make it your goal and exercise commitment and patience to remove stereotyping and type casting in workplace. Apply effort to challenge to learn from things that hard to understand. Forecast and Outcomes Stereotyping and Prejudice is a norm of every people in our culture. It takes still more time to move bad thinking about faiths, castes, cultures, and believes of peoples. It would not be change from effort of one person whole society and nation has to do full exercise to keep safe self from stereotyping and prejudice case. Here in the case of Ms. Rosina Chamar, she is either well skilled and broad minded but after facing these problems she become more weak, frustrate and helpless. These all happened not by her mistakes because these all came from society, governments weak policies as well as peoples ancient thinking. There is also fault of Management of Dynamic Power Supply Co. because if they take her problems seriously, she would not be in trouble now. If she will try to be bold and motivate self to avoid her challenges, these problems will be no more. Her threats will decrease automatically. There are so many opportunities she has, so she has to develop her strengths more. And it is better for her if Dynamic gets her problem seriously and take action regarding her problems. If she will get positive support from management no doubt that she will obviously do better work for company.

Diversity Within English Essay -- essays research papers

Diversity Within English   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to understand how language variation descriptors are used, we first must understand what language variation is. We can say that the U.S. is linguistically diverse because of the multitude of languages spoken here, but we can also find diversity within these languages. All languages have both dialectical variations and registral variations. These variations, or dialects, can differ in lexicon, phonology, and/or syntax from the Standard Language that we often think of as Å’correct' Language, although they are not necessarily less proper than, say, Standard English. It depends on where, by whom, and in what situation the dialect is used as to whether or not it is appropriate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most people are familiar with regional dialects, such as Boston, Brooklyn, or Southern. These types of variations usually occur because of immigration and settlement patterns. People tend to seek out others like themselves. Regional variations tend to become more pronounced as the speech community is more isolated by physical geography, i.e. mountain ranges, rivers. Linguists have done extensive studies on regional dialects, producing detailed Linguistic Atlases. Many linguists can tell where a person is from just by knowing whether a person carries groceries home from the supermarket in a paper bag or from the grocery store in a paper sack (Yule 184). And the person who comes home from the supermarket with a paper sack serves to remind us that language variation is not a discrete, but rather a continuous variable. Characteristics of the dialect are more pronounced in the center of the speech community and tend to be less discernible at the outer boundaries, where they often overlap other regional dialects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Within, and between, these regional variations we find the social dialects. The primary social factors that influence dialects are class, education, occupation, ethnicity, sex, and age (Ferguson 52, Yule 191). And social dialects can vary on any or all three descriptor levels; syntax or grammar, lexicon or vocabulary, and phonetics or pronunciation. Social dialects are also where the described differences are often defined as stigmatized or nonstigmatized (Ferguson 52). Stigmatized items include use of the double negative (grammar), substituting the d sound for t... ...frequency. Using in' for ing, as in goin' is universal across status groups, but it is found almost twice as often in the lower working class than in the lower middle class, and almost four times more than in the upper middle class (Ferguson 61).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With all these different variables that intersect and overlap with the different dialect variations is is a wonder that any sense can be made of American English at all. But there two other important point to remember. Language universals such as displacement, arbitrariness, productivity, cultural transmission, discreteness and duality are unique to human language (Yule 22) and provides a base or norm for measuring variations. Implicational relationships provide a way of measuring relative distance between the different variations and also serve as a means to predict changes in individual dialects (Ferguson 66). Works Consulted Ferguson, Charles A., and Shirley Brice Heath, eds. Language in the USA. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1981. Piatt, Bill. Only English? Law and Language Policy in the United States. Albuquerque: U of New Mexico P, 1990. Yule, George. The Study of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1985.

Maya Angelou Essay Essay

An inspirational woman is that who embraces her times of turmoil and converts them to a learning lesson. She does not fear smiling in order to cheer up another person even if inside she is hurting. This woman does not allow gender, age, or race to hinder her from exploring life just like other people who are more privileged compared to her. This inspirational woman is remembered for her encouraging words that no one should live life with a catcher’s mitt on both hands; however, one should be able to throw some things back. Drawing from her wise, honest, and persevering attitude, Maya Angelou is a phenomenon woman who is my inspiration. Maya Angelou endured sexual abuse, racial discrimination, and other impediments but she remained humbled around cultural, family, and community values. Maya Angelou was one of the most successful author, poet, and civil rights activist who were admired universally by many. She was famously known for her teachings using poetry and spoken word, wh ich highlighted the experiences of being an African-American woman leaving in the United States. Most of her works were also inspirational which helped to shape the modern-day prose and poetry (Haigh 1). The same kind of zeal and motivation that Maya exemplifies has helped me to handle any kind of challenge that I encounter and make it work for me, but not against me. When I saw Maya Angelou’s painting at the Charles H. Wright Museum, I began pondering whether Maya ever knew she would end up on exhibits, television shows, Broadway stages, traveling the world and being able to speak five languages fluently. It dawned on me that Maya being a proud woman helped her to become a motivator, but not her being a motivator that made her a proud woman. This character and charisma expressed by Maya inspired me to embrace where I have come from since it would have an impact on where I want to go (Haigh 2). Maya encouraged and inspired generations through her works and she brings out the meaning of the fact that age is just a number. Read more: Who do you admire essay Maya’s inspirational lessons remain an intrinsic part of the American culture even after her death in 2014 at the age of 86. Maya’s most inspiring poem, And Still I Rise, had a very significant passage that said, â€Å"You may shoot me with your words, you may cut me with your eyes, you may kill me with your hatefulness, but still, like air, I’ll rise† (Angelou 21). This passage inspired me to always endure every hardship and  obstacle in my quest of achieving my ambitions since everyone else also experiences setbacks that help them grow. Most people usually perceive that in order to have a motivator in one’s life you have to know the person personally; however, that is not the case. I believe that if a person inspires you without even having met the person in your life, it is an unparalleled gift. Angelou is a significant motivator among women and inspires them to always live their lives open-heartedly and be able to learn, and retain as much as they can and make a difference in someone else’s life. This is because â€Å"people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel† (Angelou 24). Works Cited Angelou, Maya. â€Å"Phenomenal Woman by Maya Angelou.† 3 January 2003.Thousands of Poems and Poets. Web. 4 February 2015. Haigh, Chris. 12 Inspiring Life Lessons From Maya Angelou. 6 April 2009. Web. 4 Februay 2015.

Sinewy and Sinuous

Sinewy and Sinuous Sinewy and Sinuous Sinewy and Sinuous By Maeve Maddox In the context of anatomy, a sinew is â€Å"a strong fibrous cord serving to connect a muscle with a bone or other part.† Figuratively, usually in the plural, sinew connotes strength, as in this much-repeated quotation from Cicero: The sinews of war  are infinite money. The adjective for sinew is sinewy. When I hear or read the word sinewy applied to a person, I think of muscles, strength, and healthy leanness. In the context of cooking, sinewy is applied to cuts of meat. Sinewy meat is usually tough. Used figuratively, sinewy connotes strength and masculinity. Here are examples of both literal and figurative uses of the adjective sinewy: The sinewy  horsemen, as daring as the Crusaders who invaded the Holy Land, seemed to be everywhere. At Bondoni was Percival, a tall,  sinewy  man, a fine rider and shot.   He had taken his coat off and had rolled up his shirtsleeves, revealing  sinewy white  arms covered in freckles. The shank comes from the upper leg portion of the cow. Since this is a very well exercised part of the body, the meat is lower in fat and tends to be sinewy and dry. Unlike beech, it has broad ridges that curve up and around the trunk and branches, resembling  a sinewy, muscular arm.   Jacques Barzun praised Stout for his â€Å"sinewy, pellucid, propelling prose,† which seems to me to get it exactly right. Because of these associations with sinewy, I was startled to find the label â€Å"Sinewy Delta† under the photo of a river delta in the Yukon. The photo showed a complex convergence of winding rivers that from the air resembled veins visible on the back of an old person’s hand or the diagram of a network of capillaries. As I explored the Web, I discovered that some people use sinewy instead of the more conventional adjective sinuous to describe things- usually rivers- that are characterized by curves, twists, and turns. Sinuous derives from the Latin noun sinus: a bending, a curve, a fold. I do not rule out the possibility that strong currents or rough waves might suggest musculature, but the following examples clearly use sinewy where sinuous would be more apt: The outboard motor gurgled and rumbled as they worked their way out of the sinewy river mouth, curving left, passing jutting boulders as they moved toward the  open water of Big Bay de Noc. Next time you enjoy a float down the sinewy channels of the Winooski or Lamoille river, note where each bend and twist occurs. In this area, the sinewy Delaware River takes some of its most interesting bends as it proceeds on its journey south to the Atlantic Ocean. Interesting things happen at the juncture of different mediums: between field and water, the shape of a river, its sinewy curve, is defined. The Little Manatee River still follows the same winding, sinewy course it has for centuries. The mouth of the Sibun is dominated by mangroves and a winding, sinewy track. I suppose that speakers who associate the word sinew with the image of cord-like tendons in a pattern resembling a collection of veins might describe a delta as â€Å"sinewy,† but I suspect theyre in a minority. I rather think that a more usual reason writers describe a curving river as sinewy is that they are mixing the word up with sinuous. sinewy: muscular sinuous: curving and twisting Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating Conjunctions20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word Formsâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

mice and men Essay Example

mice and men Essay Example mice and men Essay mice and men Essay In Of Mice and Men, characters have dreams of living a better life in future. For one thing, George and Lennie often talk about owning a little house, a few acres of land, and live in serenity without having to work for somebody. George and Lennie recite, Someday-were gonna get the Jack together and were gonna have a little house and a couple acres an a cow and some pigs An live off the fatta the Ian An have rabbits (Steinbeck 14). This expresses that both George and Lennie hope to achieve heir dreams and are motivated and inspired to work until they have what they need to live life the way they want without being told. Another example of a character having a dream is Candy, whom offers money to George and Lennie to grow a garden as part of being part of their dream. He recounts, Maybe if I give you guys my money, youll let me hoe in the garden even after I aint no good at it When they can me here I wisht somebodyd shoot me wont have no place to go, an I cant get no more jobs (Steinbeck 60) This shows that Candy is found to be useless and timeworn by imself and others and wants to be apart of their ranch to escape his inefficiency once hes too old to be a swamper instead of having no Job and no place to go. In Of Mice and Men, characters have dreams of living a better life in future. For one thing, George and Lennie often talk about owning a little house, a few acres of land, and live in serenity without having to work for somebody. George and Lennie recite, I wisht somebodyd shoot me wont have no place to go, an I cant get no more once hes too old to be a swamper instead of having no Job and no place to go.

Rhetorical analysis of How to Mark a Book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical analysis of How to Mark a Book - Essay Example The first category includes people who are fascinated by the exterior or superficial outlook of the books; the second category includes people, who collect a lot of books, yet they are partially aware of what is in their collection; and the third category belongs to those who own books as they are supposed to be owned. Adler emphasizes on the importance of the essence and the knowledge that is preserved in the books, and his third type of book owners have this habit of reaching to crux of the information that is locked in words. The author has compared reading books with consuming beef steaks. According to him one must not read through the books, like gulping food hastily. Rather a reader must read and digest every point in the book, like he is chewing and digesting a tasty meal. Further, he gives example of President Hutchins, who was according to him a learned person with the passion of reading. While quoting Hutchins case, the author tries to elaborate the importance of writing on books, and on margins on the printed pages. Adler admits that writing, while reading a book may be a laborious act, and it definitely consumes more time than just simply reading, but he says that this is actually how one can give respect to the ideas that are documented in book. However, he does not want the readers to condition reading with labor, he appreciates the relaxed mode reading of fiction and other easy to digest literature. Further, he suggests that consuming few books properly is better than reading through a library, and he compares it with human sociology, where he suggests that it is better to have few friends than having thousands of acquaintances. To encourage his readers for adopting the habit of writing through lines, he has offered a hypothetical protocol that could be used by the readers, when they start reading their next book. Overall the main theme of this article was to make readers learn how to extract the maximum

Critically Assess the Personality (or Psychological) Traits Approach Essay

Critically Assess the Personality (or Psychological) Traits Approach to Explaining Entrepreneurship - Essay Example There is a positive link associating the environment and prevailing situation, and the characteristics needed in entrepreneurship, because personalities or characteristics of an individual are linked with the environment (Littunen, 2000). Therefore, based on this idea, experiences and further changes in the person’s life are crucial to the understanding of personality and entrepreneurship as well. In this paper, the proponent critically assesses the personality (or psychological) traits approach to explaining entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs and the development of their personality traits Personality is defined as an individual’s pattern of behaviours that differentiate him or her from the other, creating certain uniqueness on that person (Feldman, 2003). There are varying psychological approaches in understanding personality and from psychoanalytic perspective, each personality is a significant effect of unconscious forces. These unconscious forces are integral parts of individual’s personality that could potentially determine behaviour. However, aside from this approach, there are still varying theories aiming to identify or understand what personality is all about and that includes the idea of understanding the interplay between the individual and environment (Feldman, 2003). It is important to understand that entrepreneurship is specifically an activity that is created in a business environment where an entrepreneur has the ability or even a chance to develop personal traits in the process in order to be successful in conducting or running an enterprise. In other words, there is a great possible reason to believe that creativity for instance can be learned along the process in conducting or doing a business because it could substantially promise an individual on how to successfully obtain his or her objectives. Moreover, it is possible to obtain the fact that it is not necessary to carry certain personality traits that successful busines s persons posses prior to venturing into business just to be successful. After all, business could be a series of trial and error in which along the process, an individual may find an opportunity to develop special skills or even personalities that could lead him or her to success in business. In the study of Littunen (2000), entrepreneurship was found to have an effect on the personality characteristics of the entrepreneur. On this ground, there is a significant reason to use individual’s characteristics in explaining what entrepreneurship is all about. After all, entrepreneurship could potentially develop certain characteristics and this would mean there is something powerful force about it that could substantially change a person. In great important detail, entrepreneurship enhances a person’s potential in the enterprise. In other words, entrepreneurship is a potential training ground for an entrepreneur to enhance more specific character or personality traits. This specifically proves that personality can be acquired aside from the fact that some theories potentially suggest that it could be innate at some point (Feldman, 2003). Although it was strongly argued that personality is innate based on the basic understanding on the twins’ personalities, there are substantial studies which can also prove that it can be learned through a person’s experience (Jacoby and Youngson, 2004). The following are specific examples