the Gracchus Brothers essays

the Gracchus Brothers essays With his brother, Gaius Gracchus (153-121 BC), Tiberius Gracchus, (163-133 BC), was brought up under special care of his mother, Cornelia, daughter of Scipio Africanus the Elder. In 146 BC he took part in the capture and destruction of Carthage, on which occasion he is said to have been the first Roman to scale the city wall. In 137 BC he acted as financial administrator to the army of Gaius Hostilius Mancinus in Spain. There in the ancient Spanish city of Numantia Tiberius saved from destruction an army of 20,000 Romans, which had been defeated. They were at the mercy of the Numantines who would only negotiate with Tiberius because they trusted his father. Upon his return to Rome Tiberius became a champion of the cause of the common people and the impoverished farmers. He was elected tribune of the people in133 BC, and despite opposition from the aristocracy led by his cousin, Scipio Africanus the Younger, he obtained legislation providing more equal distribution of public lands am ong the small farmers. A committee of three, consisting of Tiberius, his brother Gaius, and his father-in-law Appius Claudius Pulcher, was appointed to carry out the new law. When the term of his tribuneship expired, Tiberius presented himself for re-election. With this declaration he had upset the Senate, which thought that holding the office of tribune for two successive years was unlawful. A rumour followed that he was seeking dictatorial power. His enemies demanded his immediate death and formed a riot in which Tiberius was murdered, along with his 300 followers, and his body thrown into the Tiber River. At the time of hi brothers death, Gaius was serving with the Roman army in Spain. He returned to Rome a year or two later and attained a position in financial administration in 126 BC he was sent to Sardinia, then in a state of rebellion. Even though the Roman Senate wanted to keep Gaius from Rome by extending his term as financial administrat...

Is Turkish law incompatible with EU membership Essay

Is Turkish law incompatible with EU membership - Essay Example Ten years ago Turkey applied for accession to the European Union.Till today the accession has not be granted.Mainly because of the huge overall concern that Turkey is not what is perceived to be a truly democratic and free countryOne largely ignores the fact that not half a century ago that what was mostly a divided and warring section of Mediterranean countries like Greece, Spain and Portugal is now today an integrated and peaceful Europe and the European integration project in which Turkey wants to join, has brought Europe together into a cohesive whole creating a 'security community' within an ever growing community where there is a "democratic peace". Former authoritarian and militarily dominated countries have come together. And the conditionality for the membership 'peace and cooperation' has been the most potent tool for the drawing together of diverse cultures and groups such as French, German, Poles, Hungarian and Romanian countries. Dialogue and a mutual sense of security e xists where earlier there was only confrontation and suspicion. Till today Turkey's dream of integration into the EU is still a dream. A virulent debate still rages over whether Turkey will strengthen EU's 'democratic zone' or destroy it and undermine the functioning of the EU through its action, most of which is considered as unlawful in the EU.The most prominent argument is that Turkey is a hardliner and the regions surrounding Turkey is filled with instability, violence, terrorism and political instability with hard-line Islamic fundamentalism. But internationally prominent figures like George Bush and Condoleeza Rice, Tony Blair are all for the process of Turkey's integration into the European Union. Olli Rehn (assumed office as EU Commissioner for Enlargement on 22 November 2004,) is the President of the European Commission responsible for Enlargement of the European Union (ENP), which was adopted in 2003. EU borders are being stretched now to the Middle East and World borders are breaking down. Increasingly Turkey is starting to play a prominent role. It is shedding the coercive aspects of its political views and laws are becoming much more liberal and dependent on dialogue and cooperation, dismantling prejudices and promoting mutual trust. The Portuguese Foreign Affairs minister recognized this and after the Brussels Council meeting in 2005 he said 'the US will be pleased and Bin Laden will be disappointed'. This was the meeting where it was decided that talks on Turkey accession to the EU would start. With this accession to the EU it's credibility and influence in world politics and the Muslim world will increase significantly. Prominently opposition was because the Turks did not allow freedom of expression. For a long time challenging status quo in Cyprus amounted to treason and the Anan Plan was criticized and applauded in turn. The Prime Minister, Tayyip Erdoan (wanted a "win-win" solution) Discourse of this kind was a new phenomena and a novel one in Turkey and undoubted this was the pressure that was created due to the EU and the prospect of accession. On 12th September 2005 was published the 12 cartoons by the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten which showed the Muslim Prophet Muhammad in a variety of humorous or satirical situations. Turkey and the Muslim world clashed with the western world. Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen's nomination as NATO's new secretary-general due to his stand in 2005 in this issue lead to his leadership being strongly opposed and the rights and the freedom of expression in the Muslim world being strongly questioned. It seemed to be incompatible with the U.N declaration of human rights. Muslims complained about an 'ongoing smear campaign' in Denmark against Islam and warned that negative reaction could result in Muslim countries and Muslim communities in Europe. They called on the prime minister "to take all those responsible to task under law

Gangs and gang behavior - week 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gangs and gang behavior - week 5 - Essay Example Page 126 shows a list of all the problems in communities such as availability of firearms, violence and other problems. These problems lead to other problems for the members of the society, such as children as noted in page 127, for children between 12 years to 17 years. For example, it is well-known that the gang members in a society who are the most vicious and violent are usually the ones who are usually respected and praised by other members and even some members of the society. In disorganization theory, a child gets influence from existing members in the society. If the child gets exposed to such attitudes or beliefs, believing that the most violent gang member is the most respected, then this child also adopts the same trend, as noted in page 128 on risk factors. This is where the developmental theory comes in, because such a child who is under the wrong influence views the gang life as the best choice. Therefore, it is not surprising to see such a child failing in school and adopting the gangster-like behavior while trying so that he or she also gets the same respect. In chapter 5, page 119, Howell clearly states that the development theories explain more on gang joining, as part of a development process. As child, such as the one mentioned in the example who joins a gang because of influence from the neighborhood gangs is also likely to influence other children, such as his or her friends. Therefore, it becomes a development process as proposed in the development theories, because more children continue to join

Effects of Rapid Population Growth Essay Example for Free

Effects of Rapid Population Growth Essay While population growth is at times a beneficial thing for a species, there are many factors that define when growth becomes detrimental. When population growth becomes rapid there is a great chance that the counter-productive level has been reached. The most accurate index is the balance between population and sustainability. 1. Rapid Growth oRapid growth is a quick increase in population. The number concerned when calculating the population is the number of individuals alive. In other words, while some areas may have large numbers of births, they may not realize an increase in their population if the death rate is sufficient to offset the birthrate. These sort of factors can actually contribute to birth rates and the rate of growth. For example, in times when populations have experienced great losses, a rapid increase in population may occur. In these situations this may be termed a correction (this is a statistical concept). The Baby Boom following World War II is an instance of this sort. Causes There can be a variety of causes for rapid population growth. There are circumstances which can create sentiment in the population that will inspire population growth. These are usually immediate, or short lived, occurrences and can cause rapid growth. There are also other conditions which seem inversely related. In areas of poverty and lower living conditions, birth rates are sometimes higher. This can result in birth rates higher than those of industrialized nations where birth control is ubiquitous and pregnancy is put off for some time. Another cause of population growth is older populations living longer while birth rates do not decline. Many nations are experiencing rapid population growth of that sort in numbers that havent existed in the past. Any combination or single factor can cause the population number to increase in the immediate, but some factors are more likely to cause sustained growth. Effects oPopulation growth, even rapid population growth, can be a positive thing. Examples include corrections when the rapid growth may actually supply a population that wouldnt have existed to contribute otherwise. With sustained growth and rapid growth though there is a risk of overpopulation. When the level of overpopulation is reached, a number of negative effects can occur and a number of startling correlations are being discovered. Among the most definite and devastating effects of overpopulation is lack of land. The lack of land results in a number of things which result in negative impact on the population. Waste management of such populations is also difficult to handle effectively and can result in pollution and detriment to the environment. Without adequate land per individual the quality of housing decreases. Another result is insufficient land to produce crops. This results in hunger and ultimately starvation. These can be catastrophic and cause repercussions in the process. One example of these problems was London after the Industrial Revolution. Because of the population explosion in London, living space was minimal, leading to overcrowded conditions. A lack of food caused malnutrition, and poor waste management led to contaminated water supplies, which caused high levels of disease, such as typhoid and cholera. Changes in population sentiment oA newer correlation that has only recently been adequately studied to comment on is the effects on social stability of overpopulation. While it may seem evident that starvation may cause discontent, scientific studies have recently shown correlation between overpopulation and civil unrest. In many areas of unstable populations higher numbers of civil conflict within the area exist. Correlations like these often risk being self-sustaining and can spiral. Looking forward oNo single action is effective against all instances of rapid population or overpopulation. Some instances of rapid population growth may be a healthy response to some new factor. Monitoring populations and helping with the individual causes of unhealthy rapid population growth may help to prevent sustained overpopulation.

An Analysis of the Poem A Prayer for My Daughter by William Butler Yeat

"A Prayer for My Daughter" is a poem written by William Butler Yeats in 1919. This poem is a prayer-like poem. And it generally tells about the poet's ideas about his daughter who is sleeping at the same time while the poem is being told. Throughout the poem Yeats reflects how he wants his daughter's future to be. This essay will analyze the poem in three sections: 1- What does this poem mean?, 2- The poetic devices, imagery, rhyming, figures of speech, used in the poem and mood, diction, language, and the structure of the poem, 3- An essay in a feminist point of view titled "What does the poet want his daughter to become?" . 1-WHAT DOES THIS POEM MEAN? The poet is watching his infant daughter sleep. In the first stanza he starts with describing the setting of the poem. It is stormy outside, there is a kind of dark and gloomy weather and he prays for her. And he says that he has gloom in his mind and we will understand that what gloom is that in his mind. In the second stanza the poet describes the things while he was praying for his daughter. He walks for an hour and notices the "sea-wind scream upon the tower", "under the arches of the bridge", "in the elms above the flooded stream." They probably represent the dreaming of the human beings and they are decisive. They are all about the present things and they block people from thinking about the future events. The last four lines of the second stanza clearly explain this idea: "Imagining in excited reverie That the future years had come, Dancing to a frenzied drum, Out of the murderous innocence of the sea." In the third stanza he prays for her beauty, but not too much. He considers the beauty as a decisive element for choosing the right person to ma... ... parts of the ideal woman he has in his mind or its opposites. He supports that a woman should be "a flourishing hidden tree", who is not well-known but beautiful. She shouldn't be anything but "merry." " Innocence" is beautiful in women, that's why if his daughter keeps her innocence inside and do not abuse it, she will not be affected by the "wind." He thinks that too much beauty distorts women, and causes them to destroy the gifts that are given by "Horn of Plenty" thus he wants his daughter to use the gifts wisely and properly. And he wants his daughter to learn the fact that "hearts are earned", and the men, who are deceived by just beauty, will notice their mistake later. He wants her daughter not to have strong opinions like hatred, because he thinks that hatred is the worst thing in the world. He hopes she will marry, and her house will be full of customs.

Charles Finney the Great Revivalist

Charles Grandison Finny was born in Connecticut on august 29, 1792. His family was not religious and didn’t teach him much about being Christian. He was an excellent student in school. When he grew up he was a lawyer. He heard enough about the bible to know he wasn’t going to heaven that scared him. So one day he ran in the woods and said if he didn’t find God he wasn’t coming back. When he came out of the woods he felt the love of God. He wanted to be God’s lawyer.He met with his client and said he had to quit the case and to go be God’s lawyer. He was really blunt when teaching about God he was more like a lawyer than a pastor. When he started preaching he noticed that people where just pretending to be Christians and really weren’t living as Christians. He told them the truth about Christianity and challenged them to be real Christians. Finney preached firmly in a way that people had never heard before and at first people didnâ€⠄¢t like him or his way of preaching.He continued to challenge them to be the way god wants them to be and after a while they began to understand him and his way of preaching. Finney had a great impact on people of his time. Charles Finney proves that when you believe in something strong enough anything is possible. Finney proved that by finding God and convincing people to change their ways even when they didn’t like him. If more people in the world where like Finney everyone would be able to stand up for what they think is right and the world would be a better place.

Thomas Paine s Common Sense And John Locke - 1133 Words

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense and John Locke’s Second Treatise of the Government are the underlying influences of The Declaration of Independence. This gave Thomas Jefferson, the author, a basis for undeniable rights of men and a new formation of government. Although Jefferson and Paine’s works share the same rudimentary principles, their ideas are clarified in different ways. Paine promotes the use of a Continental Conference to commission a continental charter that will lay down laws for the land, ensuring its citizens undeniable rights. The Declaration of Independence was later commissioned by the Continental Congress and written by Thomas Jefferson. It is important to Paine and the Continental Congress that laws are documented. The Declaration of Independence can be described as a coming out for the United States as an independent nation to the world, while detailing their radical decision to split from Britain. The Declaration of Independence explains, â€Å" a decent respect to the opinion of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation†. Jefferson deemed it necessary to explain why this document is being created. The colonists began considering independence when Britain tried to assert an unjust amount of control over them. Paine’s work makes it clear that he believed once the first colonists ventured to North America, the spilt should have been instantaneous. The colonists had endured unjust behavior from Britain for thirteenShow MoreRelatedThe Reasons Behind The Writing Of The Declaration Of Independence896 Words   |  4 Pagescolonists at this time. The phrase â€Å"taxation without representation† was used by the colonists to show their outrage with these taxes from England. They set out to rebel and started the American Revolution. Thomas Paine contributed to the colonists’ views on rebellion due to his book Common Sense. 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Many are familiar with this document written in 1776 mostly by Thomas Jefferson. It is famous for breaking the ties between the thirteen American colonies and Great Britain, granting the thirteen colonies as a newly independent sovereign state. On July fourth 1776 it was officially adopted by the continental congress meeting, which announced the colonies to be no longer part of the British Empire.Read MoreGeorge Washington : A Hero Of The Revolutionary War927 Words   |  4 Pagesfreedom and as an independence nation. During the American Revolution (1775-1783), Washington worked his way through the military ranks serving as a Major during the French and Indian War (1754-1763), then Colonel under British General Edward Braddock s army. In August, 1755, Washington was appointed Commander in Chief of the entire Continental Army. â€Å"He was sent to the frontier to patrol and protect ne arly 400 miles of border with some 700 ill-disciplined colonial troops and a Virginia colonial legislatureRead MoreAn Unjust Society For Equality : A New Way Of Ruling Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesEncyclopedia, enlightenment ideas began to spread through newspapers, pamphlets, and even songs. In 1762 Jean Jacques Rousseau explained his own political philosophy through a book called The Social Contract, and this work further supported Diderot s earlier ideas. In this book he explains that he believes that the only good government was one that was freely formed by the people and guided by the general will of society. Within this government, the Sovereign cannot act save when the people is assembled(On